Cardio - Pharm

Front 1

Site of action
Side effect of hydrochlorothiazides
(5)

Back 1

Works on distal tubule to inhibit resorption of Na+ and Cl-.
SE - hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, slight hyperlipidemia

Front 2

Loop diuretics
SE (4)

Back 2

Inhibit the Na K 2Cl cotransporter.
SE - K+ wasting, metabolic alkalosis, HoTN, Ototoxicity.

Front 3

Clonidine

Back 3

alpha 2 agonist
SE dry mouth, sedation, rebound HTN

Front 4

Methyldopa

Back 4

alpha2 agonist
SE sedation, positive Coombs test

Front 5

Hemamethonium

Back 5

NicAch rec antag (blocks reflex bradycardia caused by NE)
severe orthostatic HTN, blurred vision, sexual dysfx

Front 6

Reserpine

Back 6

prevents DA into vesicles to become NE - depletes NE
sedation

Front 7

Guanethidine

Back 7

decr NE concentrations
othrostatic and exercise HTN

Front 8

Prasozin

Back 8

alpha 1 block.
1st dose orthostatic HTN

Front 9

Hydralazine

Back 9

vasodilator - arterioles
lupus like syndrome
Incr cGMP -> smooth muscle relaxation.
incr K+ eflux and decr Ca influx
reflex tach,

Front 10

Minoxidil

Back 10

vasodilator
hirsuitism
incr K+ eflux and decr Ca influx
hypertrichosis, pericardial effusion, reflex tach

Front 11

Trimethaphan

Back 11

NicAch rec blocker
used during surg to decr BP to minimize blood loss

Front 12

SE of ACEi

Back 12

ACE cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, fetal renal damage, taste funny, Rash, Incr Renin

Front 13

Losartan

Back 13

ARB
fetal renal tox, hyperkalemia

Front 14

Ca channel blockers
vasc vs cardio

Back 14

Block voltage dependent L-type Ca++ channels of cardiac and smooth muscle.
vasc smooth muscle nifedipine>diltiazem>verapamil
cardio verapamil>diltiazem>nifedipine.

Front 15

Mondays Dz

Back 15

industrial nitro exposure.
Vasodilation during the work week. Loss of tolerance over the weekend leads to tach, dizzyness, and HA

Front 16

Cardiac Glycoside effect
Effects, use
Toxicity and contraindication

Back 16

Vagal response -
Positive inotropy, Incr PR, decr QT, scooping of ST segment, Twave inversion.
Use - CHF (incr contractility), A-fib (decr conduction through AV node)
SE - blurry yellow vision
SE exacerbated by renal failure, hypokalemia, and quinidine (decr dig clearance, displaces dig from tiss binding sites)

Front 17

Antidote cardiac glycosides

Back 17

Slowly normalize K+, lidocaine, cardiac pacer, anti-Dig Fab fragment.

Front 18

Class I A antiarrythmics

SE

Back 18

Quinidine, Amiodorone, Procainamide, Disopyramide
Incr AP duration
incr ERP
Incr QT interval
used for both atrial and vent arrhythmias
Cinchonism (thrombocytopenia, torsades from incr QT interval)- quinidine
SLE like syndrome - procainide

Front 19

Class I B

Back 19

Lidocaine, mexilitine, tocainide
decr AP duration
Used in acute ventricular arrhythmias (esp post MI) and digitalis induced arrhythmias

Front 20

Class I C

Back 20

flecainide, encainide, propafenone
No effect an AP duration
used in Vtach that progress to VF and intractable SVT
LAST RESORT in tachyarrhythmias

Front 21

Class III antiarrhythmics
SE

Back 21

Solatol, Ibutilide, Bretylium, Amiodorone
Used when other antiarrhythmics fail
K+ channel blockers
Incr AP duration
Incr ERP
Incr QT interval
SE - ibutilide + solatol Torsades,
bretylium - HoTN, new arrhythmias
Amiodorone: pulm fibrosis, hepatotoxicity, hypo/hyperthrydoid

Front 22

Type IV antiarrhythmics

Back 22

Ca channel blockers
Verapamil and diltiazem
Used in prevention of Nodal Arrhythmias (SVT)
primarily nodal cells effected.
Decr Conduction velocity
Incr ERP
Incr PR interval

Front 23

Adenosine

Back 23

good for abolishing and diagnosing AV nodal arrhythmias

Front 24

K+

Back 24

depresses ectopic pacemakers esp in Dig tox

Front 25

Embryo
Smooth parts of ventricles and atria
Trabeculated parts of ventricles and atria

Back 25

Smooth parts of ventricles derive from the bulbis cortis while the trabeculated parts arise from the primitive ventricle.
Smooth part of Atria come from sinus venosus while the trabeculated part comes from the primitive ventricle

Front 26

Epinephrine reversal

Back 26

after giving phentolamine (alpha blockade) BLOOD pressure drops when Epi is given. This happens because epi now preferentially binds beta 2 receptors which act to vasodilate the vasculature.

Front 27

Findings In ASD

Back 27

prominent RV cardiac impulse
mid systolic ejection murmur in the pulmonic area
Fixed split S2

Front 28

ACE inhibitor electrolyte imbalances

Back 28

Hyperkalemia especially in renally deficient pts.
Mild hyponatremia
Neutropenia, anaphylaxis, angioedema etc.

Front 29

Major criteria for dx CHF

Back 29

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
Neck Vein Distention
Rales
cardiomegaly
S3 gallop
Incr Venous Pres
Pos hepatojugular reflex
use ACEi

Front 30

Arterial vs Venous Thrombous vs post mortem

Back 30

Arterial: alternating layers of dark gray platelets and lighter areas of fibrin. lines of zahn,
venous: dark red due to higher RBC content, little to no lines of Zahn.
Post mortem: not true thrombi bc no attachment to vessel wall. 2 layered - current jelly RBC rich lower layer, chicken fat cell poor upper layer

Front 31

Pulmonary embolus

Back 31

pulmonary infarction, hemorrhagic pulm infaction results. Characteristically wedge shaped.

Front 32

Paradoxical emboli

Back 32

Due to patent foramen ovale or ASD

Front 33

Treatment of choice for HACEK endocarditis

Back 33

cephtriaxone

Front 34

Treatment of choice for HTN in APCKD

Back 34

ACEi

Front 35

beta 1 selective antagonist

Back 35

Acebutolol
Betaxolol
Esmolol
Atenolol
Metoprolol

Front 36

beta blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity

Back 36

don't use with angina
Acebutolol and Pindolol

Front 37

Riluozole

Back 37

Acts on nervous system - extends survival of ALS pts

Front 38

Baclofen

Back 38

GABA-B agonist
tx for spascticity in ALS

Front 39

Tizanidine

Back 39

alpha 2 agonist in CNS
good for spasticity in ALS

Front 40

Anecdote for organosphosphates poisoning.

Back 40

Organophosphates inhibit anticholinesterase
PRALIDOXIME binds to the organosphosphate reactivating the AchE