Cardio Pharm 4-23-06

Front 1

Name the 5 determinants of the level of myocardial oxygen consumption

Back 1

There are five: end diastolic volume, blood pressure, heart rate, contractility, ejection time

Front 2

Do nitrates affect preload or afterload?

Back 2

preload

Front 3

Do Beta-blockers affect preload or afterload?

Back 3

afterload

Front 4

What is the effect of nitrates on: diastolic volume, blood pressure, contractility, heart rate, ejection time?

Back 4

decrease EDV, decrease BP, increase contractility (reflex response), increase HR (reflex response), decrease ejection time

Front 5

What is the effect of Beta-blockers on: diastolic volume, blood pressure, contractility, heart rate, ejection time?

Back 5

increase EDV, decrease BP, decrease contractility, decreased HR, increase ejection time

Front 6

The effects of using nitrates and Beta-blockers together will: a) decrease myocardial oxygen demands by the same amount as using either alone, b) decrease myocardial oxygen demands by an amount greater than if each were used alone, or c) have no effect on myocardial oxygen demand

Back 6

b) Decrease myocardial oxygen demands by an amount greater that if each were used alone

Front 7

Nifedipine blocks -- channels

Back 7

calcium

Front 8

In its effects on myocardial oxygen consumption, is Nifedipine similar to Nitrates or B-blockers?

Back 8

Nitrates (Nifedipine is similar to Nitrates)

Front 9

In its effects on myocardial oxygen consumption, is Verapamil similar to Nitrates or B-blockers?

Back 9

B-blockers

Front 10

Dose nitroglycerin dilate arteries or veins more?

Back 10

Veins>>arteries

Front 11

Does nitroglycerin increase or decrease cGMP in smooth muscle?

Back 11

Increase

Front 12

In industrial exposure to nitroglycerine, weekend withdrawal is characterized by which three symptoms?

Back 12

Tachycardia, dizziness , and headache ("Monday disease")

Front 13

Toxic dosage of nitroglycerine causes which three symptoms?

Back 13

Tachycardia, hypotension, headache

Front 14

Digitalis has its action on which cell membrane transporter?

Back 14

Na/K ATPase

Front 15

Ryanodine has its action on which channel?

Back 15

Calcium release channel in the sarcoplasmic receptor

Front 16

Calcium enters cardiac cells through which channel?

Back 16

Voltage-gated calcium channel

Front 17

Cytoplasmic calcium concentrations in cardiac cells can be decreased by sequestering calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Calcium enters the SR through which transporter?

Back 17

Calcium pump in the wall of the SR

Front 18

Calcium channel blockers have their effect on which calcium transporters?

Back 18

Voltage-gated calcium channel

Front 19

What is digoxin's effect on the intracellular Na+ level?

Back 19

Increase

Front 20

What is digoxin's effect on the intracellular calcium level?

Back 20

Increase

Front 21

The 4 ECG changes ellicited by digoxin administration

Back 21

There are 4: increase PR, decrease QT, scooping of ST segment, T-wave inversion

Front 22

Name three symptoms of digoxin toxicity

Back 22

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blurry vision, arrhythmia

Front 23

Which potentiates the effects of digoxin- hypo- or hyperkalemia?

Back 23

hypokalemia

Front 24

Which phase of the cardiac action potential do Class I antiarrhythmics decrease the slope of?

Back 24

Phase 4 depolarization

Front 25

What type of antiarrhythmic is Amiodarone?

Back 25

Class 1A (Class 1A includes Quinidine, Amiodarone, Procainamide, Disopyramide, "Queen Amy Proclaims Diso's pyramid."

Front 26

Do class 1A antiarrhythmics increase or decrease the effective refractory period, AP duration, and QT interval?

Back 26

Increase ERP, increase AP duration, increase QT interval

Front 27

What do class 1B antiarrhythmics do to the AP duration?

Back 27

Decrease AP duration

Front 28

What type of antiarrhythmic is mexiletine?

Back 28

Class 1B (includes Lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)

Front 29

What type of antiarrhythmic is encainide?

Back 29

Class IC (includes flecainide, encainide, propafenone)

Front 30

What effect do class 1C antiarrhythmics have on the AP duration?

Back 30

No effect!

Front 31

What does esmolol do to the cAMP in cardiac cells?

Back 31

decreases cAMP (a beta-blocker)

Front 32

What does atenolol do the calcium currents in cardiac cells?

Back 32

decreases calcium current (beta-blocker)

Front 33

Timolol decreases the slope of which phase of the cardiac AP cycle?

Back 33

Phase 4 (a beta-blocker)

Front 34

What does propanolol do the the PR interval?

Back 34

Increases interval (beta-blocker)

Front 35

Is esmolol a short- or long-acting beta blocker?

Back 35

short-acting

Front 36

Does amiodarone increase or decrease AP duration?

Back 36

Increase (K+ channel blocker)

Front 37

Does sotalol increase or decrease the effective refractory period?

Back 37

Increase (K+ channel blocker)

Front 38

Does bretylium increase or decrease the QT interval?

Back 38

Increase (K+ channel blocker)

Front 39

Name a symptom of sotalol toxicity.

Back 39

Torsades de pointes (K+ channel blocker)

Front 40

Name three of the symptoms of amiodarone toxicity.

Back 40

Pulmonary fibrosis, corneal deposits, hepatoxicity, skin deposits resulting in photodermatitis, neurologic effects, constipation, bradychardia, heart block, CHF, hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism. (Therefore, should check PFTs, LFTs, and TFTs)

Front 41

Does verapamil increase or decrease the conduction velocity of the AV nodal cells?

Back 41

Decrease (calcium channel blocker)

Front 42

How does diltiazem affect the effective refractory period and the PR interval?

Back 42

Increases ERP, increases PR (calcium channel blocker)

Front 43

Name a potential use of Mg+ to treat arrhythmias.

Back 43

To treat torsades de pointes and digoxin toxicity

Front 44

Name a potential use of K+ to treat arrhythmias.

Back 44

Depress ectopic pacemakers, especially in digoxin toxicity

Front 45

Name a use of adenosine in treating arrhythmias.

Back 45

Drug of choice to diagnose and abolish AV nodal arrhythmias.