Cardio Pharm

Front 1

Hypertension management

Back 1

-non pharm
-diuretics
-Agiotensin Converting Enyme (ACE) inhibitors
-Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)
-Renin inhibitors (RI)
-Beta blockers (BB)
-Alpha blockers (aB)
-Calcium channel blockers (CCB)
-Direct acting vasodilators

Front 2

Osmotic diuretics

Back 2

Treat hypertension
mannitol
glycerin
isosorbide
urea

Front 3

Mannitol Action and Use

Back 3

aka osmitrol
Powerful and works at top of glomeruli (proximal convoluted tubule)
action: osmotic diuretic increases osmotic pressure, diuresis in proximal lumen of nephron,immediate onset

uses: oliguric phase of renal failure, intracranial pressure due to edema, spinal cord pressure due to edema, intraocular pressure

Front 4

Mannitol precautions and adverse effects

Back 4

osmotic diuretic
precautions: dehydration from fluid loss, crystallizes at low temp, only administer via IV

Adverse: exits capillaries pulling water with it, congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema (pulls so much water into heart results in heart failure)

Front 5

High Ceiling Loop diuretics

Back 5

Treatment of hypertension
-bumetanide
-ethacrynic acid
-furosemide (lasix)
-torsemide

Front 6

furosemide (lasix) action and uses

Back 6

action: high ceiling loop (of henle) diuretic inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in ascending loop of Henle with rapid onset
uses: HTN, congestive heart failure (acute fluid in lungs), pulmonary edema, edema

Front 7

furosemide (lasix) precautions and adverse events

Back 7

precautions: dehydration through excessive fluid loss, renal failure (can be effective with glomerular filtration low)
adverse events: hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia; hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia (gout), reversible hearing loss

Front 8

Thiazide Diuretics

Back 8

all words ending in -thiazide
-hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

Front 9

hydrochlorothiazide HCTZ action and uses

Back 9

inexpensive
-diuretic inhibits Na and Cl reabsorption in the early segment of the distal convoluted tubule
-peaks 4-6 hours
uses:
-HTN
-CHF chronic
-edematous states
-diabetes insipidus

Front 10

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) precautions and adverse events

Back 10

precautions:
-renal dysfunction (not effective when glomerular filtration low)
-pregnancy category D (pregnancy induced HTN)

adverse effects:
-hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia
-hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia (gout)
-effects minimal as compared to loop diuretic

Front 11

Potassium sparing diuretics

Back 11

amiloride/midamor
spitonolactone/aldalactone
triamterene/dyrenium

Front 12

spironolactone/aldactone action and uses

Back 12

Mild diuretic if high bp Na substitutes made of k

action: potassium sparing diuretic
-blocks aldosterone in distal convoluted tubule
induces urinary excretion of Na and reducing excretion of potassium and hydrogen ions
-peaks 48 hours
uses:
-CHF chronic
-prevent diuretic induced hypokalemia
-primary hyperaldosteronism
-reduces edema

Front 13

spironolactone aldactone precautions and adverse effects

Back 13

precations: renal dysfunction (anuria)
adverse effects:
-hyperkalemia
-drug interactions with potassium supplements (k too high), salt substitutes (k too high) ace inhibitors (k too high)

Front 14

nursing implications diuretics

Back 14

monitor weight
monitor electrolytes
monitor hypotension
monitor in and output
monitor blood glucose in diabetics
watch for tinnitus
teach patient to report weakness, cramping, thirst, confusion
avoid nocturia by taking dose early