Cardio Part 4

Front 1

Precordial leads define:

Back 1

the path of the LAD

- check them first, since LAD is most commonly affected

-then move on to I, II, III, etc

- aVR is least important

Front 2

NSTEMI is NON-

Back 2

transmural

- it's subendocardial, always

Front 3

Plavix =

Back 3

clopidogrel

Front 4

Ca2+ blockers are contraindicated in:

Back 4

suspected LHF

Front 5

ST elevation = ___________ infarction

Back 5

transmural

Front 6

S4 ~~

Back 6

ventricular stiffness

Front 7

ACS **implies:**

Back 7

rupture

Front 8

two medications to always give post-MI:

Back 8

aspirin and heparin

Front 9

Ignore:

Back 9

inverted T-waves in v1

Front 10

2 features of pathologic Q-waves:

Back 10

>1/3 the entire height of the wave

>1 mm across

Front 11

S3 ~~

Back 11

compromised systolic function

Front 12

never give:

Back 12

multiple statins

Front 13

PCSK9 inhibitors block:

Back 13

the compensatory mech of the body to increase chol in the blood

- Given with statins

Front 14

TIMI risk score factors:

(7)

Back 14

1. >= 65

2. 2 episodes of angina in last 24 hours

3. known CAD (>50% stenosis)

4. aspirin use within past 7 days

5. >= 3 CAD risk factors

6. **ST change >=3 mm

7. **elevated biomarkers

Front 15

modest weight loss can:

(2)

Back 15

reduce LDL-c,

increase HDL-c

Front 16

cholesterol is only found in foods of:

Back 16

ANIMAL origin

Front 17

cholesterol intake should be less than:

Back 17

150 OR 300 mg per day

Front 18

Saturated fat:

(2)

Back 18

1. raises LDL

2. should be <7% of total energy intake

Front 19

MUFA oils =

(2)

Back 19

palm, oleic

- do not raise LDL

Front 20

3 overall effects of PUFA's:

(linoleic oil)

Back 20

1. dec. LDL

2. dec. TC

3. dec. TG's

Front 21

w3's PUFA's:

(2 actions:

Back 21

1. dec. TG's

2. inc. HDL

Front 22

w3's do NOT:

Back 22

reduce CVD events,

but good for other things

Front 23

what do plant sterols do?

Back 23

reduce chol absorption from bile, food

(e.g. sitostanol)

Front 24

2 benefits of alcohol:

Back 24

1. inc. flavinoids

2. inc. HDL

Front 25

2 benefits of fiber:

Back 25

1. dec. LDL

2. dec. CVD events

Front 26

Vit's C and E do NOT:

Back 26

dec. CVD events

Front 27

there is no documented benefit of:

Back 27

soy

soy protein > isoflavones

Front 28

B vitamins, despite reducing homocysteine, do NOT:

Back 28

lower risk of CVD events

Front 29

fiber: aim for:

Back 29

21-38 g per day

Front 30

HTN numbers =

Back 30

140 / 90

Front 31

CVD risk doubles for every ________ increase in BP

Back 31

20 / 10

Front 32

connection between diabetes and CVD: diabetes ~~

Back 32

dyslipidemia, HTN

~~ CVD

Front 33

3 dietary goals of DASH:

Back 33

1. reduce sodium

2. inc Ca2++, P, Mg, and fiber

3. inc fruits/veggies, dairy and whole grains

Front 34

4 aspects of Motivational Interviewing:

Back 34

1. Listening

2. Rolling with R

3. Setting an Agenda/Asking Permission

4. Eliciting Change Talk/Paying attention to it

Front 35

Erb's point:

(2)

Back 35

1. 3rd IC space

2. where S2 is heard best

Front 36

S1 is best heard at:

Back 36

T

(Tricuspid, 5th space)

Front 37

expected change in LDL and CHD following diet and exercise:

Back 37

25-35%;

25%

Front 38

change in LDl when on statins:

Back 38

18-47%

Front 39

3 features of administration of Vit K antagonists like warfarin:

Back 39

1. given for 3-6 months to prevent or treat VTE

2. prevent stroke during atrial fib

3. mostly oral

Front 40

histology of Cardiac Myxoma:

Back 40

lots of ECm with few tumor cells

(open space)

Front 41

antiplatelet classes 4-6:

Back 41

4. Phospho-diester inhibitors

e.g. Cilostazol

5. adenosine receptor inhibitors (e.g. Dypiridamole)

6. TX inhibitors

Front 42

NSTEMI ECG ~~

(2)

Back 42

T-wave inversion

or

ST *depression*

Front 43

T-wave inversions and ST depression specifically in v4-v6 ~~

Back 43

LVH

Front 44

T-wave inversions and ST elevations are consistent with:

Back 44

LBBB

Front 45

to find RAE on ECG:

Back 45

initial rise of the diphasic P wave in **v1** is larger than fall

Front 46

to find LAE on ECG:

Back 46

vice versa of RAE

Front 47

to find RVH on ECG:

Back 47

**LARGE R in v1**

(rather than large S deflection)

*R gets progressively smaller from v1-v6*

Front 48

to find LVH on ECG:

(3)

Back 48

1. **huge deflections in the precordial leads**

2. large S in v1 + large R in v5 >=35 mm

3. inverted T wave

Front 49

arrhythmias ~~ _____ days;

most other bad stuff, including wall rupture, occur between:

Back 49

within first 2 days;

5 - 10 days

Front 50

statins do in fact decrease:

(2)

Back 50

TC and TG's,

on top of LDL

Front 51

contraction band necrosis is seen:

Back 51

WITHIN 24 hours

- PMN's follow after

Front 52

pathological S2 splitting ~~

Back 52

LBBB

Front 53

a posterior MI will show up in leads:

Back 53

v1 and v2

Front 54

yellow-brown with hyperemic border ~~ MI ____________ ago

Back 54

3-7 days

Front 55

what does streptokinase do?

Back 55

degrades blood clots