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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cardiac Output
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CO= SV X HR
Volume pumped by the heart per minute. Also considered the time average of ventricular outflow. |
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Stroke Volume
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SV
Volume pumped by the heart per beat |
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Heart Rate
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HR
Number of beats per minute |
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Mean Aortic Pressure (MAP)
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MAP is the time average of aortic pressure.
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T/F Average outflow from LV is equal to RV
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True
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T/F Systemic pressure is higher than pumonary due to higher systemic resistance.
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True
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T/F Cardiac valves permit unidirectional flow.
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True
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Venous Return (VR)
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Numerically equal to cardiac output.
It is the blood returning from the systemic circulation to the right atrium. |
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Relative Resistance
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Mainly determined by arterioles.
Determines how much of the CO is pumped through a particular organ. |
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T/F Organs and tissues in parallel. Right and left ventricles are in series.
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True
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Changes in resistance of an organ depends on...
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Changes in the resistance of its arterioles.
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Segments in Series with Respect to Pressure and Total Flow
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Arteries-> Arterioles->Capillaries -> Venules->Veins
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T/F Vessels of the same type are in parallel with eachother.
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True (pg. 4)
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Vascular smooth muscles (VSM) present in all blood vessels except...
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Capillaries. They are "endothelial tubes"
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Stiffness of the vessel wall is determined by
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Ratio of collagen to elastin.
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Which blood vessels have the greatest proportion of VSM?
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Arterioles.
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What is compliance and what does it depend on?
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Compliance is overall vessel stiffness.
Depends on collagen/elastin and W/R which is the WALL diameter over the RADIUS. |
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Which vessel have greater compliance, artery or vein? Why?
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Because it has thinner walls relative to radius, less relative thickening with VSM contraction.
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Arteries- Elastic
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Also called conduit arteries. Have low resistance to blood flow, little energy loss thanks to large elastic component of wall. Expand and transiently store blood during ventricular ejection. They recoil during ventricular relaxation to help maintain flow to peripheral vessels.
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Arteries- muscular
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AKA distributing arteries. Conduct blood from larger arteries to and within organs. Contribute to overall resistance with arterioles.
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Arterioles
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AKA Resistance Vessels. Regulate blood flow to capillary networks by changing their diamter, effecting resistance to flow. High resistance is due to significant energy loss across arterioles. Arterioles are major determinant of TPR (total peripheral resistance). TPR is the total resistance to blood flow presented by the systemic vasculature.
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Precapillary sphincters
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Terminal Arterioles. Distal segments of arterioles that guard entrance to capillaries. Provide "fine-tuning" for capillary network pressure, flow and exchange.
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MAP eq
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MAP= Pd + 1/3PP
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Mean arterial pressure factors.
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1. Blood volume in the arteries in relation to their compliance
2. CO x TPR 3. Gravity effects: Pressure due to a bodies weight. In a vertical vessel, pressure at the bottom will be greater than pressure at the top. |
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Pulsatile component
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1. Amount and rate of ventricular ejection
2. Compliance of arteries receiving SV 3. Pulse-wave reflection effects |
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Diastolic Pressure
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Lowest pressure in left ventricle
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Systolic Pressure
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Highest pressure in left ventricle
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Pulse Pressure
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Ps- Pd
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