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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how do beta blocker work
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decreases heart rate
decreases cardiac output which lowers blood pressure |
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what are some beta blockers
|
metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)
propranolol (Inderal) labetalol (Normodyne) nadolol (Corgard) carvedilol (Coreg) esmolol (Brevibloc) |
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when should beta blockers be
withheld |
if pts pulse is 60 bpm
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what pts should be cautious with
beta blockers |
people with asthma
emphysema diabetes hypercholesterolemia depression |
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what are some side effects of beta blockers
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bradycardia
confusion decreases in HDL erectile dysfunction hyperglycemia asthma exacerbations |
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what are some important nursing
action for beta blockers |
assess pt for respiratory issues
assess pulse before administering drugs don't give if less than 60 bpm instruct pt to change position slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension instruct pt not to abruptly stop instruct pts that beta blockers may cause hyperglycemia |
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how do angiotension converting
enzymes inhibitors work |
blocks the enzymes for conversion of
angiotension I to II which vasodilates the blood vessels which lowers blood pressure |
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what is an extra property of
ACE inhibitors |
do not affect blood glucose levels
like beta blockers may protect diabetes against renal failure |
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what are some examples of ACE
inhibitors |
captopril (capoten)
enalapril (vasotec) lisinopril (prinivil) fosinopril (monpril, zestril) |
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what are some side effects of
ACE inhibitors |
nonproductive cough
rash tachycardia hypotension |
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what life threatening reactons are
associated with ACE inhibitors |
angioedema
hyperkalemia |
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what are some nursing actions
of ACE inhibitors |
monitor renal functions and potassium levels
eat low potassium foods as ACE inhibitors can cause potassium retention change positions slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension |
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how do calcuim channel blockers work
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prevent movement of calcuim into heart cells and
blood vessels leads to vasodilation reduces cardiac workload |
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what are some examples of
calcuim channel blockers |
diliazem (cardizem)
amlodipine (norvasc) nifedipine (procardia) verapamil (calan) |
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what are some side effects of
calcuim channel blockers |
dizziness
headache brady or tachycardia hypotension syncope |
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what pts should use caution with
calcuim channel blockers |
pts with heart failure or
arrhythmias can cause arthymias or heart failure |
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what are some nursing actions of calcium channel blockers
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monitor for signs of heart failure
hold drugs if pulse less than 60 bpm or systolic less than 90mmHg |
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how do angiotension receptor blockers
ARBs work |
blocks hormone that causes vasodilator action of
angiotension II used as a substitute for ACE inhibitors if pt can't tolerate side effect of cough from ACE inhibitors |
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what are examples of
angiotension receptor blockers |
losartan (cozaar)
ibesartan (avapro) candesartan (atacand) valsartan (diovan) |
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what are some side effects of angiotensin
receptor blockers |
monitor renal function
change positions slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension |
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what are some side effects
of angiotensin receptor blockers |
dizziness
headache myalgias dyspepsia |
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how do vasodilators work
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decrease peripheral
vascular resistance by causing vasodilation |
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what are some examples of
vasodilators |
clonidine (catapres)
apresoline (hydralazine) isosorbide (isordil) terazosin (hytrin) |
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what are some side effects
of vasodilators |
dizziness
syncope tachycardia palpitations headache erectile dysfunction rebound hypertension if med is stopped abruptly |
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what are some nursing
actions with vasodilators |
not to abruptly stop or may get
rebound hypertension drowiness resolves over time change positions slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension |
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how do inotropics work
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strengthens contraction of heart
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what are some examples of inotropics
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digoxin (lanoxin)
milrinone (promacor) |
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what are some side effects of inotropics
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drowsiness
nausea and vomiting headache bradycardia visual changes green or yellow halos |
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what life threatening reactions are
associated with intropics |
arrhythmias
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what are some nursing actions of inotropics
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take apical pulse for 1 minute before
taking digoxin withhold dose if HR less than 60 bpm monitor digoxin levels assess for signs of toxicity monitor potassium levels |
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what serum electrolyte can be
effected by inotropics |
potassium
can cause hypokalemia |
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what are therapeutic digoxin levels
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0.5 to 2 ng/ml
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how do antiarrhythmics work
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various selective actions that affect
heart rate and contractility |
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what are some side effects of
antiarrhythmics |
syncope
blurred vision dypnea brady or tachycardia altered taste sensation |
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what are life threatening side effects
associated with antiarrhythmics |
chest pain
worsening arrhythmics allergic reactions |
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what are some nursing actions
associated with antiarrhythmias |
evaluate liver function and
potassium levels monitor for complications monitor blood pressure and heart rate |
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how do antianginals work
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decreases preload
decreases afterload increase blood flow thur coronary arteries |
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what are some examples of
antianginals |
nitroglycerin (nitro-bid)
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what are side effects associated
with antianginals |
headache
dizziness hypotension tachycardia palpitations |
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what are nursing actions
associated with antianginals |
have meds readily available
should be taken at onset of angina 3 doses 5 minutes apart change positions to prevent orthostatic hypotension avoid coronary vasospasm by not abruptly stopping store away from heat |
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what could potentiate digitalis
toxicity |
Lasix most potent diuretic
diuretics=K loss in urine hypokalemia leads to digitalis toxicity |
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what does a positive inotropic
drug do |
enhances contractility by
preventing Ca from leaving cardiac cells |
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what kind of drug is digitalis
|
a negative chronotropic drug
which slows heart rate chronos=time/calendar/clock |
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when is digitalis held
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HR below 60 bpm=bradycardia
notify physician |
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how does nitroglycerin
decreases preload and angina |
decreasing venous return thru vasodilation
dilates arterial system-decreases afterload dilates coronary arteries |
