Cardio Drugs

Front 1

clonidine ASE

Back 1

dry mouth, sedation, severe rebound HTN
class: sympathoplegics

Front 2

methyldopa ASE

Back 2

sedation, positive Coombs test
class: sympathoplegics

Front 3

Hexamethonium ASE

Back 3

severe orthostatic HoTN, blurred vision, constipation, sex dysfxn
class: sympathoplegics

Front 4

Reserpine ASE

Back 4

sedation, depression, nasal stuffiness, diarrhea
class: sympathoplegics

Front 5

Guanethidine ASE

Back 5

orthostatic/exercise HoTN, sex dysfxn, diarrhea
class: sympatholoplegics

Front 6

prazosin ASE

Back 6

1st-dose orthostatic HoTN, dizziness, headache
class: sympathoplegics

Front 7

Beta-blockers ASE

Back 7

impotence, asthma, CV effects, CNS effects
class: sympathoplegics

Front 8

hydralazine ASE

Back 8

nausea, headache, lupus-like syndrome, reflect tach(take with BB), angina, salt retention
class: VD

Front 9

minoxidil ASE

Back 9

hypertrichosis, pericardial effusion, reflex tachycardia(take with BB), angina, salt retention
class: VD

Front 10

nifedipine, verapamil ASE

Back 10

dizziness, flushing, constipation, AV block, nausea
class: VD

Front 11

nitroprusside ASE

Back 11

Cyanide toxicity
class: VD

Front 12

diazoxide ASE

Back 12

hypoglycemia
class: VD

Front 13

captopril, enalapril, fosinopril ASE

Back 13

hyperkalemia, cough, angioedema, taste changes, HoTN, pregnancy problems, rash inc renin
class: ACEi

Front 14

Losartan ASE

Back 14

fetal renal toxicity, hyperK
class: AngII receptor inhibitor

Front 15

hydralazine

Back 15

mech: inc cGMP--> SM relaxation; VD arterioles
clinic: HTN in preg, with methyldopa
tox: lupus-like syndrome, comp tach

Front 16

minoxidil

Back 16

mech: K channel opener --> relaxes vasc SM
clinic: severe HTN
tox: hypertrichosis, pericardial effusion; reflex TACH, salt retention

Front 17

nifedipine, verapamil, ditiazem

Back 17

class IV anti-arrhythmia
mech: block voltage Ca channels reducing muscle contractility
clinic: HTN, angina, arrhythmias, Prinzmetal's angina, raynauds
tox: cardiac depression, peripheral edema, constipation, dizziness

Front 18

Nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate

Back 18

VD by releasing NO in smooth muscle --> inc in cGMP --> SM relaxation; venodilator
clinic: angina, pulm edema
tox: tach, HoTN, tolerance

Front 19

malignant HTN tx

Back 19

nitroprusside: VD w/ cyanide tox
Fenoldopam: dopamine rec agonist
diazoxide: K channel opener, hypoglycemic tox

Front 20

DIgoxin

Back 20

mech: inh Na/K ATPase -->Na/Ca inh -->inc Ca
clinic: CHF, afib
tox: N/V/D, yellow vision, arrhythmia

Front 21

Class IA

Back 21

Na channel blockers
Quinidine, amiodarone, procainamide, disopyramide
mech: inc AP duration, QT
clinic: atrial and ventricular arrhythmias
tox: proc -- SLE

Front 22

Class IB

Back 22

lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide
Na channel blockers
mech: dec AP duration
clinic: acute v arrhythmia
tox: local anesthetic

Front 23

Class IC

Back 23

flecainide, encainide, propafenone
clinic: useful in v tach-->vfib; intractable SVT
tox: proarrhythmic, prolongs refract period

Front 24

Class II

Back 24

beta blocker: -olol
dec cAMP, dec Ca currents
clinic: v-tach, SVT, slows v rate during afib/flutter
tox: impotence

Front 25

Class III

Back 25

K channel blockers: sotalol, ibutilide, bretylium, amiodarone
mech: inc AP duration, inc ERP
use: am--wolff-park-white
tox: am--pulm fibrosis, hepatotox, hypo/hyperthyroidism

Front 26

adenosine

Back 26

inc K efflux --> hyperpol;
use: AV nodal arrhythmias
tox: flushing, HoTN, chest pain

Front 27

K

Back 27

depress ectopic pacemakers in hypokalemia (Dig-tox)

Front 28

Mg

Back 28

use: torsades de pointes, dig-tox

Front 29

digoxin vs digitoxin

Back 29

digoxin has shorter half life, less metabolites, less absorbed, less protein bound