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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lidocaine Mechanism of action |
Class 1b anti-arrhythmic - Na channel blocker - ↓ excitability -↓ contractility (negative inotropic effect) |
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Lidocaine Indication |
- Ventricular arrhythmias only (post MI) - Also used as a local anaesthetic |
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Lidocaine Side effects |
- Drowsiness - Confusion - Convulsions -Must be given IV as an infusion |
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Flecainide Mechanism of action |
Class 1c anti-arrhythmic- Na channel blocker - ↓ excitability- ↓ contractility (negative inotropic effect) - "Use-dependence" - effect on Na channel increases as HR increases -Not eliminated as quickly as lidocaine, can be given oral |
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Flecainide Indications |
- Paroxysmal SVT - Paroxysmal AF - Ventricular arrhythmias (?) -Should not be used post-MI, can worsen arrhythmia |
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Flecainide Side Effects |
- Blurred/double vision - Fatigue - Fluid retention - swollen hands/feet - Constipation - Abdo pain - Dizziness |
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Atenolol Mechanism of action |
Class 2 antiarrhytmic: B-blocker - Relatively B1-selective -↓sympathetic NS activity at heart -↓Excitability of conduction system - ↓ventricular response rate |
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Atenolol Indications |
- AF - HTN - Angina |
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Atenolol Side effects |
-Lethargy -Bronchospasm - ↓ peripheral perfusion |
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Amiodarone Mechanism of action |
Class 3 antiarrhythmic - K channel blocker - Increases cardiac action potential duration (↓ re-entry) - Increases effective refractory period |
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Amiodarone Indications |
Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias |
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Amiodarone Side effects |
-Toxic - Corneal deposits - Photosensitivity - Slate grey discolouration - Pneumonitis - Pulmonary fibrosis - Peripheral neuropathy - Thyroid dysfunction - Hepatitis |
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Verapamil Mechanism of action |
Class 4 anti-arrhythmic- Ca channel blocker - ↓ conduction through the SA and AV nodes - ↓ force of contraction of heart - Vasodilation |
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Verapamil Indications |
- SVT - AF - Angina - HTN |
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Verapamil Side effects |
-Constipation - Bradycardia -↓ BP - Heart block - never give w/ B-blockers - risk of precipitating asystolic cardiac arrest |
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Digoxin Mechanism of action |
-Slows AV conduction -Increases strength of cardiac contractions (positive inotropic action) -Used in AF |
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Digoxin Side Effects |
-Anorexia -N&V -Visual disturbances -AV block -Arrhythmias |
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Digoxin Side notes |
- Renal excretion - careful in renal failure - Required loading dose - Doesn't allow HR to increase even during exercise when necessary - Hypokalaemia increases response to digoxin -> digoxin toxicity |
