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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The fluid that circulates through the heart & the blood vessels.
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Blood
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Pertaining to the heart.
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Cardiac
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The study of the heart
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Cardiology
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The system through which the nutrient fluids of the body circulate
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Circulatory System
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The process of clotting
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Coagulation
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A clot or other plug, usually part or all of a thrombus, brought by the blood from another vessel & forced into a smaller one, thus obstructing circulation.
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Embolus
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A protein formed in the blood which is related to the ability to resist infection
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Gammas Globulin
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The science concerned with blood & the blood-forming tissues
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Hematology
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The iron-containing pigment of the red blood cells. Composed of iron & protein. It is the oxygen carrying red pigment of the red blood cell.
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Hemoglobin
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The destruction of red blood cells with liberation of hemoglobin into the surrounding fluid.
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Hemolysis
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A sex-linked hereditary blood disease in which blood fails to clot & abnormal bleeding occurs.
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Hemophilia
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Abnormal internal or external bleeding
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Hemorrhage
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Arrest of bleeding or of circulation
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Hemostasis
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State of equilibrium of the internal environment
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Homeostasis
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Pertaining to the outer part or surface of the body; part away from the center
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Peripheral
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Inflammation of a vein, especially in the veins of the lower limbs.
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Phlebitis
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Involving the lungs
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Pulmonary
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Pertaining to the whole body rather than to one of its parts
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Systemic
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A solid mass formed in the living heart or vessels from constituents of the blood; attached to the wall of the vessel.
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Thrombus
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Injection of the blood of one person into the blood vessels of another
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Transfusion
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Swollen, distended, & knotted veins, usually in the subcutaneous tissues of the leg
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Varicose Veins
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Narrowing of the caliber of blood vessels
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Vasoconstriction
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Widening of blood vessels
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Vasodilation
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1. Transports various substances to & from body cells such as O2, CO2, food, water, chemicals, hormones, & wastes.
2. Protects body against invading microorganisms. 3. Helps regulate body temperature 4. Maintains homeostasis 5. Transports waste products to excretory organs. |
Functions of the Circulatory System
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Pumps blood into the arteries
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Heart
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Carry blood to & from the heart, & thus carry oxygen & nutritive materials to the body & remove products of metabolism.
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Blood Vessels
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Forms blood cells & hemoglobin
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Red Bone Marrow
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Carry lymph & tissue fluid, help to filter the blood, & manufacture lymphocytes
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Lymphatic Vessels & Nodes
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1. Heart
2. Blood Vessels 3. Red Bone Marrow 4. Lymphatic Vessels & Nodes 5. Spleen |
Organs of the Circulatory System
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Forms lymphocytes & monocytes, stores blood cells, and filters out bacteria & worn-out red blood cells.
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Spleen
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Liquid part of blood which serves as a source of nutrition & a means of removing waste products from the body cells
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Blood Plasma
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Formed elements part of blood
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Blood Cells:
- Red Blood Cells (RBC) - White Blood Cells (WBC) - Blood platelets |
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Blood Cells that transport respiratory gases: CO2 & O2
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Red Blood Cells
RBC |
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Blood cells that ingest & digest foreign particles in blood, form antibodies, & release heparin which prevents intravascular clotting
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White Blood Cells
WBC |
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Blood cells that initiate clotting
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Blood Platelets
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Red Bone Marrow:
- skull - vertebrae - ribs - sternum - proximal epiphysis of femur & humerus |
Sites of the formation of Red Blood Cells
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Rate of Red Blood Cell formation
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RBCs are formed continually, millions every hour.
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Life span of RBCs?
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120 Days
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Break apart or rupture in the capillaries of the liver and/or the spleen. Liver breaks down the fragments.
Can also be destroyed by normal stress: - Mechanical destruction, as when taking blood from a vein. - Hemolysis: Hypotonic solutions cause cells to rupture. - Crenation: Hypertonic solutions cause cells to shrink & shrivel. |
How are RBCs destroyed?
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4.5 - 5.5 million/cubic milimeter
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Lab Test -
Erythrocyte (RBC) count |
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The percentage count of total blood volume composed of RBC.
- male: 42-50% - female: 40-48% |
Lab Test -
Hematocrit count |
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The amount of hemoglobin expressed in grams per 100 milliliters of blood.
- male: 14-18 grams/100 ml - female: 12-16 grams/100 ml |
Lab Test -
Hemoglobin |
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Give information about the red cell production rate
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Lab Test -
Reticulocyte count |
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Red minute, disk-shaped cells with central area thinner than the edges (concave)
Very Flexible & elastic 3,000 cells side-by-side are equal to 1 inch in length Mature cells contain no nucleus; therefore, no further growth occurs |
Characteristics of RBCs
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Colorless, amoeboid-like cells
Nuclei vary in shape depending on the type of cell. |
Characteristics of White Blood Cells
AKA white corpuscles leukocytes |
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Neutrophils - 60-70% of all WBC
Lymphocytes - 20-30% of all WBC Monocytes - trace amounts Basophils - trace amounts Eosinophils - trace amounts |
Types of WBCs
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1. Phagocytosis
2. Formation of antibodies by lymphocytes 3. Release of heparin by basophils |
Functions of WBCs
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WBC Site of Formation & Life Span
- Netrophils - eosinophils - basophils - lymphocytes - monocytes |
Neutrophils, eosinophils & basophils
Red Bone Marrow Lymphocytes Lymph Nodes Monocytes cell lining the capillaries in various organs, especially the spleen Life Span 1-12 Days |
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Lab Test-
Leukocyte count |
WBC count
5,000 - 10,000/ cubic millimeter elevation usually indicates infection or pathological condition |
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round or oval disk shaped cells that
initiate the clotting mechanism. They are formed in the Red Bone Marrow Their life span is 1 to 4 days |
Platelets
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Lab Test -
Platelet Count |
200k to 500k/cubic millimeter
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Unoxygenated: carried by veins and is purple or deep red
Oxygenated: carried by arteries and is bright red |
Blood Color
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Taste: slightly metalic & salty
Reaction: slightly alkeline, pH 7.35 - 7.45 Specific Gravity: 1.050 - 1.065 slightly heavier than water |
Physical Characteristics of Blood
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Varies with weight & sex of the individual
but average total is 5,000 - 5,500 cc. in average plasma |
Amount of blood in the body
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- 45% cells, 55% plasma
- 78% water, 22% solids |
Consistency of Blood
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a. water: 90%
b. Solutes: 10% -- Electrolytes: mineral salts -- Nutrients: Glucose, amino acids, fats -- Metabolic wastes: Urea, uric acid, creatinine, lactic acid -- Respiratory gases: O2 & CO2 -- Regulatory substance: Hormones, enzymes -- Protective substances: antibodies |
Composition of blood plasma
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