Cardio A&p

Front 1

Where is the location of the heart and what is it enclosed in?

Back 1

It is located in the thorax and flanked laterally by the lungs.

It is coverd and enclosed by the pericardium.

Front 2

What lines the four hollow chambers of the heart?

Back 2

endocardium

Front 3

what divides the heart logitudinally?

Back 3

septum

Front 4

True or false the heart functions as a double pump?

Back 4

True

Front 5

What does it mean when we say that the left side of the heart is the systemic pump?

Back 5

It pumps the blood to the body tissues and R heart.

Front 6

what do the valves prevent?

Back 6

backflow of blood in the heart

Av prevents backflow to the atria venticles are contacting

Semilunar prevent backflow when to the ventricles when the heart is relaxing

Front 7

what nourshes the myocardium of the heart?

Back 7

coranary circulation

Front 8

what arteries and veins of the heart?

Back 8

Right and left coranary arteries and their branches

Drainage of the blood by the cardiac veins and the coronary sinus

Front 9

How does the intrisic conduction affect the heart?

Back 9

Increases the rate of heart contraction and ensures that the heart beats as a unit

Front 10

WHat is known as the hearts pacemaker?

Back 10

SA node

Front 11

what is the cardiac cycle?

Back 11

Th time and the vents that occur from one heart beat to the next

Front 12

what cuases the lub dup that is heard uon auscultation?

Back 12

The closing of the valves

Front 13

What causes murmurs to be produced?

Back 13

Faulty valves that reduce the fficiency of the heart tha result in abnormal heart sounds

Front 14

What is cardiac output?

Back 14

amount of blood that is pumped out by each of the venticles in 1 min HRxSV which is the amount of blood ejected by a ventricle in 1 min.

Front 15

What rises and falls with the volume of venous return?

Back 15

Stroke Volume

Front 16

What three things influence the HR?

Back 16

Nerves of the autonomic NS
Drugs and other chemicals
ion levels in the blood

Front 17

What blood vessels play a role in actual exhchanges with tissue cells

Back 17

Capillaries

Front 18

What are the three tunics that compose the blood vessels

Back 18

TUNICA INTIMA FORMS A FRICTION REDUCING LINING
Tunica Media is the bulky middle layer of muscle and elastic tissue.
Tunica Exetrna is the protective outermost connective tisue layer.

Front 19

and which blood vessel is not composed of three tunics and what are they composed of?

Back 19

Capillaries

Tunica interna only

Front 20

Why are the walls of the arteries thick and strong?

Back 20

To with stand pressure fluctuations and expand and recoil as the heart beats

Front 21

True or false?
The walls of the vein are thcker that the arteries?

Back 21

False the vein walls are thnnier and the lumen is larger and are equipped with valves

Front 22

why are the veins equipped with thin walls and valves?

Back 22

they reflect the low pressure nature of the viens?

Front 23

What are the two types of vessels in the capillary beds?

Back 23

Vascualr shunt and true capillaries

Front 24

What guards the entrance to the vessels of the capillar beds?

Back 24

Precapillary sphincters

Front 25

When the precapillary shunts are closed where does the blood go?

Back 25

It bypasses the local area via the vascular shunt

Front 26

Where do the exchanges with tissues occur?

Back 26

Across the walls of the true capillaries

Front 27

What is a common vascular problem that occurs in obese and those who stand for prolonged periods of time?

Back 27

Varicose veins

Front 28

How do vericose veins occur?

Back 28

Incompetent valves in the vein

Front 29

What is vericose veins a predisposing factor for?

Back 29

Thrombophlebitis

Front 30

All the major arteries of the systemic circulation branch from where?

Back 30

The aorta

Front 31

all of the major veins of the systenmic circulation converge on one of the ________.

Back 31

Venae Cavae

Front 32

All veins above the diaphragm drain into the

Back 32

superior venae cavae

Front 33

All the veins below the diaphragm drain into

Back 33

inferior venae cavae

Front 34

Where do the superior and inferior venae cavae enter into?

Back 34

the R side of the heart

Front 35

What forms the arterial circulation is formed by what pairs of carotid arteries?

Back 35

Vertebral and internal carotid

Front 36

What provides alternative routes of blood flow to the brain in the case that there is a blockage?

Back 36

Circle of Willis

Front 37

What circulation is formed by the veins that drain the digestive organs?

Back 37

Hepatic portal circulation

Front 38

Which blood vessel carries nutrient rich blood to the liver where it is processed before it is able to reenter the sytemic circulation?

Back 38

Hepatic portal vein

Front 39

Describe the fetal circulation?

Back 39

A temporary circulation only in the fetus, consists primarily of three vessels

Front 40

What does the single umbilical vein do?

Back 40

Carries nutient and oxygen laden blood to the fetus from the placenta

Front 41

What do the two umbilical arteries do?

Back 41

Carry CO2 and waste laden blood from the fetus to the placenta

Front 42

What is also present in the fetal circulation?

Back 42

Shunts that bypass the liver and the lungs

Front 43

what is described as the alternate expansion and recoil of a blood vessel wall that occurs as the heart beats?

Back 43

Pulse

Front 44

blood pressure is described as what?

Back 44

The pressure that the blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessels

Front 45

Is blood pressure high or low in the arteries?

Veins?

Capillaries?

Back 45

High

Lowest

Lower than the arteries but not as low as the veins

Front 46

True or False
Blood is sent along a acsending pressure gradient.

Back 46

False; it is sent along a descensing pressure gradient

Front 47

Which blood pressure is directly affected by heart activity and resitance of blood flow?

Back 47

Arterial blood pressure

Front 48

What are the most important factors increasing peripheral resistance?

Back 48

decrease in the diameter or Stretchiness of the arterries and the arterioles
Increase in the blood viscosity

Front 49

What factors affect the blood pressure?

Back 49

Activity of sympaththetic nerves
kidneys
drugs
diet

Front 50

With hypertension does the peripheral resitance increase or decrease?

Back 50

increases

Front 51

what does hypertension do to the heart and the blood vessels?

Back 51

It puts excess stress on the heart and damages the blood vessels.

Front 52

How do most substances move through the capillary walls?

Back 52

Through diffusion directly through the fenestrations or intracellular clefts

Front 53

How is the fluid forced back into the the blood stream?

Back 53

by the blood pressure and is dawn back ino the blood by osmotic pressure

Front 54

When does the heart begin to beat and pump in development

Back 54

by the fourth week of embryonic development.

Front 55

Half of all infant deaths resulting fron congenital problems are attributed to:

Back 55

Congenital heart defects

Front 56

Gradual loss of elasticity in the arteries leads to what conditions?

Back 56

Hypertention and hypertensive heart DZ

Front 57

Arteriosclerosis is expected wiht what process?

Back 57

Aging

Front 58

CAD and stroke are usually casued by:

Back 58

clogging of the vessels with fatty substances

Front 59

What measures can help to reverse artherosclerotic process and prolong life?

Back 59

Diet Modifications(dec. fats cholesterol and salt)
smoking cessation
regular aerobic exercise