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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Components of cardiovascular system |
1. Heart 2. Vasculature (veins, arteries, capillaries). 3. Blood |
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Basic functions of the heart |
1. Generate BP 2. Routing blood 3. Ensuring one way blood flow 4. Regulating blood supply (changes in contraction rate and force match blood supply for changing metabolic needs) |
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Basic functions of cardiovascular system |
1. Transport & delivery of oxygen and nutrients. Exchange of respiratory gases. 2. Hemostatic regulation - pH balance - thermal balance - BP REGULATION 3. Protection - prevention of blood loss - prevention of infection |
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The heart is a two cycle pump. What are the two systems in this pump? |
1. Pulmonary circulation 2. Systemic circulation |
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What are the atria? |
Receiving chambers of the heart from superior and inferior vena cavas. |
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How many chambers are in the heart? Name them. |
4
- Right atrium - right ventricle - left atrium - left ventricle |
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The right ventricle pumps blood where? Left ventricle pumps blood where? |
- right ventricle pumps blood to lungs (pulmonary circulation) - left ventricle pumps blood to the body (systemic circulation) |
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What are the major veins and arteries of the heart? |
Veins - superior/inferior vena cava - pulmonary veins Arteries - aorta - pulmonary trunk |
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What is the myocardium? |
Muscular wall of the heart "Heart muscle." |
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Cardiac output |
Amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute.
Q = HR X SV
Under normal resting conditions Q = 5 L/min |
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Elastic (central) arteries |
Largest arteries (aorta and iliac arteries) |
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Muscular (conduit) arteries |
Common arteries that are routinely studied - radial, ulnar, coronary arteries
Contain larger amounts of smooth muscle in tunica media layer. |
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Resistance vessels |
Sites of greatest resistance within the vascular tree.
Vasodilate and vasoconstrict in order to ensure the local blood flow matches local metabolic demand.
- terminal arteries, arterioles |
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Exchange vessels |
Perform gas and nutrient exchange. - large total cross-sectional Area - thin vessel walls - decrease velocity of blood flow
Capillaries are the exchange vessels |
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Capacitance vessels |
- venules and veins - contain approximately two-thirds of the blood volume at any given time. |
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Name the types vessels of the cardiovascular system |
1. Elastic (central) arteries 2. Muscular (conduit) arteries 3. Resistance vessels 4. Exchange vessels 5. Capacitance vessels |
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What is the largest artery? |
Aorta
Aorta - Arteries - Arterioles - capillaries |
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What happens to the pressure and ventricles and arteries as diastole pressure falls. |
- Ventricle pressure is near 0 mmHg - arteries pressure is ~ 70 mm Hg. Pressure does not fall because of pressure created during recoil (Windkessel effect) |
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Describe the make up of blood. |
1. Formed elements (40-45%) - erythrocytes (red blood cells) - leukocytes (white blood cells) - thrombocytes (platelets) 2. Plasma (55-60%) - fluid portion of blood - transports formed elements and other substances (nutrients, hormones, other). - 90% water - also contains electrolytes, proteins, respiratory gases |
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What is the body's response to exercise? |
1. Increased need to supply working muscles with O2 for ATP production for muscle contraction. 2. Increased HR and force contraction = increase in Q 3. Blood vessels adjust diameter to allow more blood flow 4. Body attempts to maintain homeostasis: - heat dissipation - increase in circulating leucocytes - coagulation potential increases |
