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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mitral Valve Prolapse
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Typically occurs in women (15-30 yrs). Most common form of valvular heart disease. Chest pain NOT related to exertion. Auscultation of click or murmur. Normal EKG (possibly with inverted T-waves, indicting ischemia). No treatment needed if no symptoms. Beta blockers reduce HR & chest pain.
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Mitral Stenois
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Shortening of chordae tendineae. Major cause is rheumatic fever. Pressure rises in: left atrium, pulm. circulation, & right ventricle. Enlarged: left atrium & right ventricle. Low-pitched murmur , right before systole.
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Mitral Regurgitation
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Pressure rises in: left atrium, pulm. circulation, & right ventricle. Enlargement: left atrium & left ventricle. Murmur from s1-s2. ACE-inhibitors often used to reduce afterload.
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Aortic Stenosis
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Left ventricle contracts more forcefully, causing hypertrophy (thickening of the walls) of the left ventricle. Calcification related to aging. Chest pain due to hypertrophied left ventricle not getting enough O2. Murmur: begins just after s1, increasing in intensity and ending right before s2. Enlargement: left ventricle & sometimes left atrium. Treatment: valve replacement.
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Aortic Regurgitation
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Left ventricle dilation & hypertrophy (thickened walls). Left ventricle delivers stronger contractions & ejects more blood volume. Forceful heartbeat, palpitations, pounding in head, chest pain at night. Corrigan's pulse (palpated pulse is forceful then collapses quickly. Murmur between heart beats, widened pulse pressure. ST-segment depression & T-wave inversion in some leads. Treatment: vasodilators until surgery is needed (valve repair or replacement)
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Rheumatic fever
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Symptoms of valvular damage often take 20-40 years to appear after this illness.
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