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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mitral valve prolapse
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one or both flaps bulge backward into left atrium during systole = regurgitation (backflow)
causes ischemia = further dysfunction |
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mitral valve prolapse S&S
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none
murmur, chest pain, palpitations, dizzy, syncope, fatigue, dyspnea |
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mitral valve prolapse diagnostic tests
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echo
card cath |
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mitral valve prolapse complications
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emboli
infective endocarditis |
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mitral valve prolapse interventions
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none
beta blokers, antidysrhythmics, valvuloplasty, valve replacement |
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mitral regurgitation
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incomplete closure of mitral valve leaflets, allows for backflow
causes increased blood volume causes increased pressure in lft. atrium lft ventricle compensates = failure |
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mitral regurgitation S&S
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none
murmur, chest pain, palpitations, fatigue, exertional dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis acute: pulmonary edema, shock |
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mitral regurgitation diagnostic tests
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ECG
chest xray echo doppler ultrasound TEE cardiac MRI cardiac cath |
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mitral regurgitation complications
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emboli
heart failure |
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mitral regurgitation therapeutic interventions
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none, antibiotic prophylaxis, ACEI, anticoagulants, vavluplasty, valve replacement
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mitral stenosis
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thickened mitral valve + shortened chorae tendinae = narrowed valve opening, less blood can leave
lft atrium enlarges, pressure increases causes rt ventricle to dilate rt venticle fails = decreased cardiac output |
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decreased cardiac output
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fatigue
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mitral stenosis S&S
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none
murmur, chest pain, palpitations, fatigue, exertional dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis |
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mitral stenosis diagnostic test
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ECG
chest x-ray doppler TEE cariac cath |
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mitral stenosis complications
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emboli
heart failure |
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mitral stenosis interventions
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none
antibiotic prophylaxis anticoagulants PBV valvuplasty valve replacement |
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aortic stenosis
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aortic valve does not open fully - difficult to move blood
causes lft ventricle to contract more forcefully left ventricle hypertrophies eventually decreased cardiac output and failure |
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aortic stenosis S &S
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none
angina murmur syncope HF |
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aortic stenosis diagnostic tests
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ECG
chest x-ray echo cardiac cath |
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aortic stenosis complications
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heart failure
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aortic stenosis interventions
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valve replacement
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aortic regurgitation
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aortic valve cusps allow backflow into lft ventricle
left ventricle blood volume increases left ventricle hypertrophys eventual left ventricle failure |
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aortic regurgitation S&S
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none
forceful pulse, murmur, chest pain, palpitations, fatigue, exertional dyspnea, corrigan's pulse, diaphoresis |
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aortic regurgitation diagnostic tests
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ECG
chest x-ray echo cardiac cath |
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aortic regurgitation complications
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heart failure
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aortic regurgitation interventions
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antiobiotic prophylaxis, valve replacement, digitalis, diuretics, ACEI, nifedipine
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