Cardiac Studies - Diagnostic Studies

Front 1

ECG or EKG

is used to evaluate what?

Back 1

Arrhythmias, Conduction Defects, Myocardial Injury, Damage or Hypertrophy of the the heart

Front 2

Pericardiocentesis

Back 2

Perfomed to determn cause of unexplained pericardial effusion also to relieve intrapericardial pressure by aspiration or pericardial sac

Front 3

Two types of stress test are?

Back 3

Physical Test

Chemical Test

Front 4

Intermittent Claudication is?

Back 4

Arterial Occlusion

"Hurts only when one exercises"

Front 5

Cardiac Stress Test..

Evaluates....
Determines.....
Detects......

Back 5

Evaluates: Chest pain with suspected coronary disease, effective treatment in patient who take antianginal or arrhythmia medication.

Determines: Limits of safe exercise for cardiac rehab.

Detects: Intermittent claudication in patients with suspected vascular occlusive diseases.

Front 6

Holter Monitoring does what?

It's indications are?

Back 6

Records a patients heart rate and rhythm for one or more days. Usually 72 hours.

Indicated in patients who experience syncope, palpitations, atypical chest pains or unexpected dyspnea.

Front 7

Adenosine

Back 7

Medication:

Coronary Vasodilator

Front 8

Persantine

Back 8

Medication:

Coronary Vasodilator

Front 9

EKG

uses what to work?

Back 9

Electrical Activity of the heart.

Front 10

Principle behind stress test is?

Back 10

That occluded arteries will be UNABLE to meet the hearts increased demand for blood durning testing.

Front 11

Target Heart Rate for Cardiac stress test is?

Back 11

80 -90% of maximal heart rate.

Chart of Patient AGE and Gender = about 220 - the patent age.

Front 12

A Physical stress test monitors

Back 12

EKG, Heart Rate, B/P of patient while patient walks or runs. Exercise is increased slowly until the HR is increased just blow maximal levels "Target Heart Rate"

Front 13

Cardiac Catheterization is also known as

Back 13

Coronary Angiography

Front 14

Cardiac Catheterization
(Coronary Angiography)

Back 14

Used to VISUALIZE heart chambers, arteries and great vessels.

Used to evaluate chest pain

Used to locate the region of coronary occlusion with positive stress test results determine valvular heart diesese.

Front 15

Cardiac Heart Scans
are used for 3 purposes..

Back 15

1. To check how blood is flowing to Heart Muscle.
(Myocardial Perfusion Scanning.)

2. Looks for Damaged of the Heart Muscle.
(Myocardial Viability test.)

3. To see how well the heart pumps blood to body.
(Ventricular Function Scan)

Front 16

Heart Scan is also known as?

It is used for?...

Back 16

Cardiac Nuclear Scanning

Diagnosis problems with Cardiac Wall

Front 17

Cardiac Nuclear Scanning

(Heart Scan)

Back 17

Used to find "Problems with Cardiac Wall"

Used to detect myocardial ischemia, infarction, wall dysfunction and decreased ejection fraction.

Front 18

Echocardiography

Back 18

Evaluates Heart Walls MOTION.

Measure the heart wall function and detect vascular disease, evaluates heart durning stress testing and identify and quantify pericardial fluid.

Front 19

When is chemical stress test indicated?

Back 19

When exercise is not advisable and you need to get to an adequate level for stess test.

Ig: patients with arthritis, neuro, pulmonary limitations.

Front 20

AMA

Are markers for?..

Back 20

Damaged Heart Muscle

Front 21

Dressler Syndrome

Back 21

Secondary form of Pericarditis.

Injury to the heart or the pericardium (outer lining of the heart)

Also known as "Postmycocardial Infarction Syndrome" which refers to "Post-Pericardiotomy pericarditis.

Front 22

Antibodies usually associated with Pericarditis following a MI (myocardial Infarction)

Back 22

AMA

(Anti-myocardial Antibody)

Front 23

Antimyocardial Antibody

(AMA)

Back 23

TEST:

Test used to detect autoimmune source of myocardial injury and diseases, cardiomyopathy post Thoracotomy Syndrome and after MI

Front 24

Electrophysiologic Study

(EPS Cardiac mapping) can do?...

Back 24

Close cardiac monitoring using electrode catheters.

Paces the Heart and Potentially Induces Arrhythmias

Front 25

Electrophysiologic Study

(EPS Cardiac Mapping)

Back 25

Studies evoke potentials with heart.

Evaluates: Patient with syncope, palpitation, arrhythmia conduction debts that cause abnormal electroconduction arrhythmias. Mostly A-FIB

Front 26

Natriuretic Peptides

Back 26

TEST:

Used to identify patient with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Neuroendocrine peptides that oppose the activity of renin-angiotensin system.

Front 27

ASO

Stand for?

Back 27

Antistreptolysin O Titer

Front 28

ASO Titer

is used to test for?

Back 28

Post Streptococcal Disease.

To see if they have had streptococcal infection. Bacterial, endocarditis, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, glomerulonephritis.

Front 29

CNP Peptide

Back 29

Produced in endothelial cells

Front 30

BNP Peptide

source is in the

Back 30

Cardiac Ventricals

Front 31

BNP stands for

Back 31

Brain Natriuretic Peptide

Front 32

ANP Peptides are synthesized in?

Back 32

Cardiac Arterial Muscle

Front 33

The 3 major Natriuretic Peptide test are?

Back 33

ANP, BNP, CNP

Front 34

If BNP is greater than 100 ng/L the patient has?

Back 34

Congestive Heart Failure. (CHF)

the higher the level, the more severe.

Front 35

BNP is a good marker for?

Back 35

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

correlates all with LEFT ventricular pressure.

Front 36

Ischemia-Modifed Albumin

(IMA)

Back 36

TEST:

Performed on patient with chest pain to determine if pain is caused by cardiac ischemia.

Front 37

What test would you use for patient with chest pain and rot rule out cardiac ischemia?

Back 37

IMA

(Ischemia-Modified Albumin)

Front 38

Vanillylmandelic Acid Test

(VMA Catecholamines)

Back 38

TEST:

24 hour urine test for VMA and catecholamines.

Primarily performed to diagnosis hypertension and secondary to pheochromocytoma.

Front 39

Pheochromocytoma

Back 39

Tumor of the chromatin cells in the adrenal medulla. Secrete abnormally high levels of epinephrine and Norepinephrine.

Causes persistent severe increased blood pressure and peripheral arterial vasoconstriction that can't be controlled.

Front 40

Catecholamines are?

Back 40

Adrenal Gland Hormones

"Fight or Flight"

Front 41

Lactic Acid Test

(Lactate)

Back 41

Measure of Lactic Acid is helpful to document and quantify degree of tissue hypoxemia associated with shock or localized vascular occlusion.

Front 42

You measure Lactic Acid Test for?

Back 42

Ischemia

Front 43

What test would you give to rule out Shock and vascular occlusion?

Back 43

Lactic Acid (Lactate) Test

Front 44

Lipoproteins are considered to be a predictor of?

Back 44

Heart Disease

Front 45

HDL, LDL and VLDL
Test is called?

Back 45

Apolipoproteins

Front 46

Apolipoproteins Test
is called?

Back 46

TEST:

Cholesterol Panel.

Test used to evaluate rush of atherogenic heart and peripheral vascular disease.

Apolipoproteins are proven part of lipoproteins (HDL, LDL)

Front 47

Cholesterol Test

helps determine?

Back 47

TEST:

Used to determine the risk for coronary heart diseases. Evaluation of hyperlipidemia. Usually done with lips profile/

Front 48

Lipid Profile Test

Back 48

TEST:

Measures total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL, LDL and VLDL

Front 49

*** Lipoproteins are proteins in the blood. The main purpose is to transport?

Back 49

Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and Insoluble fats

Front 50

*** Plethysmography Arterial
is otherwise known as?

Back 50

Ankle Brachial blood pressure Test.

Front 51

What is a normal range for Total Cholesterol, LDL, HDL and Triglycerides?

Back 51

Cholesterol- 200 mg/dl or LESS

LDL - 100 mg/dl or LESS

HDL - 60 mg/dl or GREATER

Front 52

Lipid Panel Test
Includes?

Back 52

Apolipoproteins - HDL, LDL, VLDL

Cholesterol and Triglycerides (TG)

Front 53

Triglycerides (TGs) Test is part of what Test?

Back 53

Test usually part of Lipid Profile Test which measures cholesterol and lipoproteins fat metabolism disorders.

Front 54

Before shooting a Arterography you should do what to the Patient?... Because?...

Back 54

You should Hydrate the Patient and do a Kidney Function Test.

Because the use of radiopaque DYE.

Front 55

Arteriography Test is used to?

Back 55

TEST:

Evaluate arterial occlusive disease of lower extremity, kidney, brain and adrenal glands.

It uses radiopaque contrast.

Front 56

Plethysmography Arterial Test?

Back 56

Noninvasive method of identification and monitoring arterial occlusion.

Apply 3 blood pressure cuffs to Proximal, Middle and Distal part of extremity and upper arm for different readings.

Difference in pressure greater than 20 indicates vascular occlusion.

Front 57

What other problems are associated with high D-dimer levels?

Back 57

DVT, Pulmonary embolism, malignancy and DIC

Front 58

D-dimer Test is?

(Fragment D-dimer)

Back 58

Asses both Thrombin and Plasma activity. Measures the amount of Fibrin Degeneration Product. (FDP)

D-dimer concentration may be determined by blood test to help diagnose thrombosis.

Front 59

Venous Doppler Ultrasound

is routinely used to identify?

Back 59

Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)

Front 60

Vascular Ultrasound studies provide information about?

Back 60

Arterial and venous potency without use of invasive techniques. (Doppler Studies)

Front 61

What test involves drainage of Heart Fluid?

Back 61

Pericardiocentesis