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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 general functions of Blood?
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Transportation: eg: O2, Co2, nutrients, wastes and hormones.
Regulation: eg: PH, temperature, and osmotic pressures. Protection: eg: against foreign molecules and diseases, clotting to precent excessive loss of blood. |
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Blood is formed from where?
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Bone marrow stem cells
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Blood cells consist of?
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Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
White blood cells (leukocytes) Platelets |
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90% of plasma is water which acts as a?
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Solvent
Suspend the components of blood Absorption of molecules and their transport Thermal energy |
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Types of proteins in the plasma are?
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albumins, globulin, antibodies, immunoglobulines and fibrinogen
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When the right and left ventricle contract this is known as?
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Systole
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When the ventricles relax and the pressure drops below the atria and the atrioventricular valves open and refill this is known as?
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Diastole
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The normal site for electrical initiation of a heart beat lies within the?
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SA Node
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The SA Node is located?
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Right atrium
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SA Node stand for?
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Sinoatrial Node
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Sodium Channels allow?
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Sodium ions to enter the cell
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Fast Calcium Channels allow?
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Calcium ions to enter the cell
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Potassium Channels allow?
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Potassium ion to Leave the cell
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When cardiac cells depolarize, what happens to the charge inside the cell?
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Become positive +
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when do cardiac contractile cells contract and relax with respect to depolarization and repolarization of the cell?
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Depolarization contracts and repolarization relaxes
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What is responsible for the pacemaker potential?
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SA Node
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What lead on and EKG reading do you want to look at first?
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Lead 2 for rate and rhythm
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EAch millimeter square on and EKG paper represents?
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.04 of a second
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Amount of time represented by the distance between two heavy black lines on and EKG strip is?
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.2 of a second
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Horizontal lines on a EKG graph paper represent what?
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Time
Rate of the heart beat measured in seconds |
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Vertical Axis each box on a EKG graph paper represents what?
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Amplitude or electrical activity.
Each small box measures .1mV |
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To measure any electrical activity you needs at lead two electrodes to form an electical circuit . They are?
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Positive and Negative
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There are 6 leads on a chest EKG. They are?
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V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6
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Six Limbs leads are known as?
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I, II, III
Also known as bipolar limb leads |
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aVR
Stands for? |
augmented Voltage Right
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aVL
Stands for? |
augmented Voltage Left
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aVF
Stands for? |
Augmented Voltage Foot/Forward
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V1 and V2 leads represent where on the heart?
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Septal Infarct
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V3 and V4 leads represent where on the heart?
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Anterior Infarct
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1, aVL, V5, V6 leads represent where on the heart?
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Lateral Infarct
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II, III aVF leads represent where on the heart?
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Inferior infarct
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V4R, V5R, V6R leads
Are known as? |
Precordial leads
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V7,V8,V9 leads
Are known as? |
Posterior leads
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When looking at an EKG strip you should first analyze what?
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RATE
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Rate is is read as?
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Cycles per minute.
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SA Node is considerers the hearts?
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Pacemaker
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SA Node generates what kind of rhythm?
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Sinus Rhythm
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Normal heart pacing of the SA node is?
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60-100 beats per minute.
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If the SA node paces the heart less than 60 per minute, this is known as?
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Sinus Bradycardia
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Extremely slow heart rates can cause?
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Syncope due to reduce blood flow to brain.
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If the SA node paces the heart greater than 100 beats per minute this is known as?
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Sinus Tachycardia
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2nd thing to look for when reading and EKG is?
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Rhythm
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Arrhythmia means?
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without Rhythm
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Dysrhythmia means?
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Bad Rhythm
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EKG provides the most accurate means of identifying a cardia arrhythmia.
True or False? |
True
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P waves represent?
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Depolarization of both Atria
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QRS waves represents?
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Depolarization of the Ventricular myocardium
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QRS complex should normally be less than what on and EKG graph?
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0.12 seconds (3 small squares)
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If QRS complex is abnormally wide looking on and EKG graph, one should consider?
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Right or left Bundle branch block
or Ventricular rhythm |
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ST segment represents?
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Plateau of ventricular repolarization
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T wave represents?
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Final Rapid phase of ventricular repolarization
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