Cardiac Physio Intro

Front 1

importance of cardiovascular system:

Back 1

1. delivers oxygen and nutrients ( AA, glucose, lipids)to organs and removes carbon dioxide and waste products
2. transports hormones
3. regulation of temperature
4. transport drugs
5. regulation of blood pressure

Front 2

3 main components of circulatory system:

Back 2

heart, blood vessels, blood

Front 3

Heart =

Back 3

pump

Front 4

blood vessels =

Back 4

connecting tubes
(arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, capillaries)

Front 5

blood =

Back 5

tissue composed of water, solutes, cells, and formed elements

Front 6

the circulatory system is arranged into :

Back 6

pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation

Front 7

pulmonary circulation

Back 7

blood carried between heart and lungs

Front 8

systemic circulation

Back 8

blood carried between heart and organ systems.

Front 9

heart, pulmonary and systemic circulations are arranged in :

Back 9

series. blood flows through a sequence

Front 10

individual vascular beds are arranged in:

Back 10

parallel. the total blood volume is divided among different vascular beds

Front 11

the body can dynamically adjust blood flow through:

Back 11

different vascular beds

Front 12

arterial system:

Back 12

blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to capillaries

Front 13

venous system:

Back 13

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart from the capillaries

Front 14

pulmonary system carries:

Back 14

deoxygenated blood thru lungs for gas exchange

Front 15

systemic circulation carries:

Back 15

oxygenated blood to tissues of organ systems

Front 16

usually, arteries carry oxygenated blood and veins carry deoxygenated blood. an exception:

Back 16

pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood and the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood

Front 17

blood pressure:

Back 17

the force that causes blood flow thru vessels

Front 18

pressure (P) =

Back 18

force exerted by pumped blood on a vessel wall

Front 19

flow (F):

Back 19

occurs in response to difference in pressure gradient in vessels = (P1-P2)

Front 20

resistence (R):

Back 20

opposes blood flow

Front 21

F =

Back 21

(P1-P2)
_______
R

Front 22

pulmonary circulation:

Back 22

low pressure and low resistance

Front 23

systemic circulation:

Back 23

high pressure and high resistance

Front 24

blood flow occurs because of:

Back 24

pressure and resistance

Front 25

for flow to occur, you need a :

Back 25

pressure gradient

Front 26

blood flow within organs is determined by:

Back 26

1. arterial pressure ( generated by pumping action heart against a systemic vascular resistance) and 2. changes in diameter of blood vessel (via contraction or relaxation) within organs

Front 27

right ventricle is less muscular than left ventricle

Back 27

left ventricle is more muscular bc increased pressure and resistance = it must work harder

Front 28

# of heart valves =

Back 28

4 (2 atrioventricular and 2 semilunar). they ensure that blood flows in the proper direction.

Front 29

if the pressure is greater behind the valve:

Back 29

the valve opens

Front 30

if pressure is greater in front of the valve:

Back 30

it closes. it does not open in the opposite direction

Front 31

pressure gradient:

Back 31

opens valve and prevents backflow

Front 32

AV valve :

Back 32

atrioventricular valve

Front 33

ventricular filling =

Back 33

when atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure, the AV valve opens. this allows blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles.

Front 34

ventricular emptying:

Back 34

when ventricular pressure is greater than artial pressure, the AV valves close. this prevents blood from flowng backwards.

Front 35

semilunar valves are located:

Back 35

between ventricles and arteries

Front 36

semilunar valves open when:

Back 36

the ventricular pressures are greater than pressures in the pulmonary arteries and aorta

Front 37

semilunar valves close when:

Back 37

pressure in ventricles is greater than the pressure in aorta and pulmonary arteries. this prevents the blood from flowing backwards

Front 38

the heart wall is primarily composed of

Back 38

spirally arranged cardiac muscle fibers

Front 39

the heart wall consists of 3 layers of muscle fibers

Back 39

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

Front 40

endocardium:

Back 40

inner layer of epithelium. it lines the entire circulatory system.

Front 41

myocardium:

Back 41

middle layer of cardiac muscle. it is the bulk of the heart wall

Front 42

epicardium:

Back 42

external membrane covering heart. the coronary vessels are located in this layer

Front 43

heart wall is surrounded by:

Back 43

pericardial sac

Front 44

cardiac muscle fibers are interconnected to form:

Back 44

branching fibers

Front 45

cardiac muscle-branching fibers:

Back 45

adjacent cells joined end to end at specialized structures called intercalated discs

Front 46

there are 2 types of membrane junctions within discs:

Back 46

1. desmsomes - mechanical adherence
2. gap junctions-electrical spread

Front 47

desmosomes and gap junctions form:

Back 47

functional syncytia

Front 48

functional syncytia are:

Back 48

a group of interconnected muscle cells that function electrically and mechanically as a unit

Front 49

the cardiovascular system aids in the transfer of:

Back 49

heat and energy

Front 50

blood flow within the organs is determined by:

Back 50

arterial pressure and blood vessel diameter

Front 51

gap junction:

Back 51

an electrical conducting pathway that allows action potentials to spread from 1 cardiac muscle to another