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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Heart can pump all the blood it gets returned to it

Under normal conditions, YES!

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

not a disease, symptom complex


heart cannot provide enough flow to meet the demands of the body and/or heart cannot pump all of the blood that is returned to it

Forward failure

not enough blood flow to the tissues

reverse failure

back up of venous return ("congestion") with expression of fluid into surrounding tissues

right heart failure

peripheral edema

left heart failure

pulmonary edema

causes of left heart failure

HTN, valvular disease, ischemic disease, cardiomyopathies

causes of right heart failure

LEFT HEART FAILURE, lung disease, congenital heart disease

compensation

makes the pump better: ^SNS, inotropic, increase return, increase fluid, hypertrophy

decompensation

ventricular dilation too much, extra hard sound (S3), electrically unstable

cor pulmonale

heart disease caused by lung disease


right ventricular hypertrophy due to increased resistance of the lungs


MOST COMMON CAUSE IS COPD

ischemic heart disease

damage to myocardium when supply of blood not adequate to meet needs (demand>supply)


usually caused by occlusion of coronary arteries

stable angina

crushing chest pain, brought on by exertion

acute coronary syndromes

unstable (crescendo) angina: longer duration, brought on by less


MI: necrosis of cardiac myocytes

acute MI

usually caused by thrombosis related to plaque rupture


irreversible damage in 20-30 mins


release creatine kinase, troponin I

acute MI location

LAD: 40-50%


RCA: 30-40%


LCA: 14-20%

complications of MI

80-90% suffer some complication


25% suffer "sudden cardiac death"


arrythmias most commin in 24-48 hours (sinus brady, vtach/fib, asystole)


myocardial rupture 4-8% of patients

pericarditis

fibrinous or fibrohemorragic pedicarditis

mural thrombosis

stasis of blood in heart due to inability to pump

ventricular aneurysm

due to thinning of the myocardium

clinical features

angina


dyspnea


tachy


sweating


shock


arrythmias

cardiac enzymes

troponin I most specific


CK not bad, but not specific

chronic ischemic heart disease

progressive damage due to moderate to severe atherosclerosis

sudden cardiac death

death within 24 hours of symptoms


arrhythmia doesn't allow heart for sufficient cardiac output