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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Heart can pump all the blood it gets returned to it |
Under normal conditions, YES! |
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Congestive heart failure (CHF) |
not a disease, symptom complex heart cannot provide enough flow to meet the demands of the body and/or heart cannot pump all of the blood that is returned to it |
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Forward failure |
not enough blood flow to the tissues |
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reverse failure |
back up of venous return ("congestion") with expression of fluid into surrounding tissues |
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right heart failure |
peripheral edema |
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left heart failure |
pulmonary edema |
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causes of left heart failure |
HTN, valvular disease, ischemic disease, cardiomyopathies |
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causes of right heart failure |
LEFT HEART FAILURE, lung disease, congenital heart disease |
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compensation |
makes the pump better: ^SNS, inotropic, increase return, increase fluid, hypertrophy |
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decompensation |
ventricular dilation too much, extra hard sound (S3), electrically unstable |
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cor pulmonale |
heart disease caused by lung disease right ventricular hypertrophy due to increased resistance of the lungs MOST COMMON CAUSE IS COPD |
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ischemic heart disease |
damage to myocardium when supply of blood not adequate to meet needs (demand>supply) usually caused by occlusion of coronary arteries |
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stable angina |
crushing chest pain, brought on by exertion |
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acute coronary syndromes |
unstable (crescendo) angina: longer duration, brought on by less MI: necrosis of cardiac myocytes |
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acute MI |
usually caused by thrombosis related to plaque rupture irreversible damage in 20-30 mins release creatine kinase, troponin I |
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acute MI location |
LAD: 40-50% RCA: 30-40% LCA: 14-20% |
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complications of MI |
80-90% suffer some complication 25% suffer "sudden cardiac death" arrythmias most commin in 24-48 hours (sinus brady, vtach/fib, asystole) myocardial rupture 4-8% of patients |
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pericarditis |
fibrinous or fibrohemorragic pedicarditis |
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mural thrombosis |
stasis of blood in heart due to inability to pump |
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ventricular aneurysm |
due to thinning of the myocardium |
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clinical features |
angina dyspnea tachy sweating shock arrythmias |
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cardiac enzymes |
troponin I most specific CK not bad, but not specific |
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chronic ischemic heart disease |
progressive damage due to moderate to severe atherosclerosis |
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sudden cardiac death |
death within 24 hours of symptoms arrhythmia doesn't allow heart for sufficient cardiac output |