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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Causes of vericose veins
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conditions that produce venous stasis or increased intra-abdominal pressure (i.e. pregnancy, obesity, constipation, tight clothes), congenital weakness of valves, family history, occupations that mandate long periods of standing.
ANY conditions that destroys or distends a valve may lead to VV |
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what are vericose veins
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dilated, tortuous veins engorged with blood and resulting from improper venous valve function.
Primary: originate in superficial veins Secondary: originate in deep veins |
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S/S of vericose veins
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purplish ropelike veins particularly in calves (venous pooling)
edema of calves and ankles leg heaviness (worse in evening & warm weather) dull aching in legs after prolonged standing or walking ache during menses as a result of increased fluid retention. |
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Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Thrombophlebitis |
an acute condition characterized by inflammation & thrombus formation; may occur in deep or superficial veins.
DVT may affect small veins (i.e. soleal venous sinuses) or large veins (i.e. vena cava, femoral, iliac, subclavian). Usually progressive Pulmonary Embolism (PE) Superficial thrombophlebitis: rarely causes PEs. |
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DVT causes
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Causes: idiopathic but usually results from endothelial damage, accelerated blood clotting, reduced blood flow.
Predisposing factors: prolonged bed rest, trauma, surgery, childbirth, use of hormonal BC. |
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Superficial thrombophlebitis
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caused by infection, IV drug abuse, trauma, and chemical irritation due to extensive use of IVs for medications.
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pathophys of DVT's
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thrombus formation is faster in areas where bloodflow is slower – greater contact between platelet and thrombin accumulation. Thrombus expands rapidly inflamed endothelium fibrosis.
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S/S of DVT's
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may be asymptomatic but could include: pain, chills, fever, swelling/cyanosis of the affected arm/leg due to impaired circulation, heat, tenderness along length of affected vein, possibly varicose veins due to impaired venous return.
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Hypertension defined:
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an elevation of either systolic and/or diastolic pressure.
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primary HTN
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essential, begins slowly but progresses to a serious state; if untreated, can become life-threatening. Genetics + environmental factors.
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secondary HTN
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usually the result of renal disease or some other pathology.
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Causes of essential HTN
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Advancing age- elderly people may have Isolated Systolic Hypertension (ISH) due to loss of vascular elasticity.
Diabetes mellitus Excessive alcohol consumption Excess renin Family history High saturated fat intake High sodium intake Mineral deficiencies (Ca, K, Mg) Obesity Race (more common in blacks) |
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Causes of Secondary HTN
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1. brain tumor
2. coarctation of Aorta 3. excessive alcohol consumption 4. hormonal BC, cocaine, sympathetic stimulants, estrogen replacement therapy, NSAIDs, Cushing’s syndrome, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, renal artery stenosis. |
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BP is?
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the product of peripheral resistance and cardiac output.
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cardiac output is increased by?
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conditions that increase HR, Stroke Volume, or both.
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