Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Define heart failure.
|
Heart cannot pump well enough to get the blood around the body to meet metabolic needs.
|
|
|
How does the heart respond to increased metabolic needs?
|
It increases cardiac output.
|
|
|
What 3 compensatory mechanisms maintain cardiac reserve?
|
1. Frank Straling mechanism
2. Increased action of SNS 3. Myocardial hypertrophy |
|
|
How does heart failure effect cardiac reserve?
|
Cardiac reserve does not work well in heart failure.
|
|
|
What is Frank Starling mechanism?
|
As preload increases, stroke volume and contraction are increased. This is a result of increasing metabolic needs and using your cardiac reserve.
|
|
|
What are some results of heart failure?
|
Congestion occurs, increased pressur in all four chambers, and decreased cardiac output.
|
|
|
What happens in R sided heart failure?
|
Blood gets blocked in pulmonary circulation and thus backs up into the R ventricle to atrium to systemic venous circulation.
|
|
|
What are some common results of R sided heart failure?
|
Edema, distended jugular vein, increasing fatigue, altered renal function, liver enlargement, and anorexia and GI distress.
|
|
|
What happens in L sided heart failure?
|
Exess blood from L ventricle backs up into the atrium and then backs up into the lungs.
|
|
|
What are some clinical manifestations of L sided heart failure?
|
SOB, orthopnea, nocturia, cough, and blood tinged sputum, abnormal lung sounds, pallor or cyanosis, fatigue, and decreased urine.
|
|
|
What is ejection fraction?
|
The percent of blood that is ejected by the left ventricle with each beat.
|
|
|
What is a normal ejection fraction?
|
55-70%.
|
|
|
What lab test is very specific for heart failure?
|
BNP.
|
|
|
What effects do diuretics have on the heart?
|
They will reduce preload.
|
