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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are 6 types of Cardiac Masses?
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1.cardiac tumors
2. thrombus 3. vegetation 4. Iatrogenic material 5. Normal variants 6. Extracardiac structures |
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what are the 2 types of Cardiac tumors
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Primary and Secondary
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Which one is more common primary or secondary?
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Secondary is more common for cardiac tumor
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Can you tell on echo if the tumor is benign or malignant?
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NO, cant definitely distinguish between benign and malignant
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On echo how do we assess cardiac tumors?
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location, extent of mass, size of mass, where it originates.
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Are all secondary tumors malignant? why?
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Yes, bc they metastasis from somewhere else, they occur in 10% of all Fatal malignancy.
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What is the the most common primary CA that metastasize (spreads) to the heart?
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LUNGS, 30% of cardiac tumors are from the lungs
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Other Common primary CA that metastasize to the heart?
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breast, kidney, liver, melanoma, AIDs related Lymphoma, Leukemia, Osteogenicsarcoma (bone CA)
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What are the tumors that metastasize to the IVC and as a result spread into the RA?
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Hypernephroma, Hepatoma, Intravenous leiomyomatosis (rare)
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If you see a mass in the RA you need to evaluate?
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IVC
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What are the two types of Primary Tumors?
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Benign & Malignant
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Do we treat benign cardiac tumors?
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Yes. bc they can be obstructive and break off and cause emboli.
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Benign cardiac tumors can cause?
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systemic symptoms, embolic events, Arrhythmia, chest pain, heart failure.
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What are the 4 types of Primary Benign tumors?
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Myxoma, Fibroma, Rhabdomyomas, Papillary Fibroelastoma
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What is the most common Benign cardiac tumor ?
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MYXOMA, Accounts for 20%-30% of ALL intracardiac tumors
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Myxoma is most commonly located?
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LA, 3X more common in LA than on the RA
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What is the most common presentation of myxoma?
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mass attached by a stalk to the middle of IAS
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Population of patients who tend to have Myxoma ?
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young, family hx
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Myxoma mimics what type of stenosis?
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MS bc its obstructive the AV valve
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Ventricular myxoma what type of obstruction will you have?
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LVOT obstruction
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What type of obstruction can you have with Myxoma?
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Impaired ventricular filling, prevents filling, CH won't get filled up.
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Fibroma usually located in?
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LV wall, Ventricular septum, endocardium, Apex
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Fibroma presentation?
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echogenic- multiple calcification, see boarders clearly.
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Do you think fibroma has any hemodynamic consequence?
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No, unless it grows significantly in the LV Cavity. However possibility of conduction abnormalities
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What is the most common cardiac tumor in pediatric patients?
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Rhabdomyomas
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Rhabdomyomas commonly seen in patents with
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tuberous sclerosis
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Rhabdomyomas location and presentation
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well circumscribed echogenic masses, Multiple masses present in the RV, IVS, Myocardium
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Papillary Fibroelastoma Clinical Presentation
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Irregular shape, echogenic, mimic valvular vegetation,
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Papillary Fibroblastoma is commonly found on what valve?
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Aortic valve
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Fear complication of Papillary Fibroblastoma
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RISK of EMBOLI
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What are the 3 types of primary malignant tumors?
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Angiosacroma, Rhabdomyomasacroma, Fibrosacroma
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Angiosacroma located in
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RA and associated with pericardial effusion
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Rhadomyomasacroma & Fibrosacroma occurs
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anywhere in the heart
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what is the most common cause of thrombus in the heart?
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stasis of blood
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what kind of situation will cause stasis of the blood?( 3 scenarios)
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Dilated CH, Obstruction & stagnation of blood flow, decrease Wall contractility (WMA)
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The wall behind the thrombus is a pt with POST MI will be
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Diskinetic, Akinetic
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why is thrombus happening?
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stasis of blood
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most common location for thrombus? why?
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apex of LV , common : POST MI
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what will wall look like behind the thrombus?
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dead, not moving, does not thicken in systole.
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LA thrombus is associated with pts with
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Rheumatic MS
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Iatrogenic material
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needles, ballons
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what are examples of Extracardiac structures
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diaphragmatic hernia, pericardial cysts, pseudoaneurysm.
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