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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are 5 modifiable risk factors for developing or worsening hypertension?
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smoking (does not cause hypertension but increases likelihood of dying from hypertension)
obesity/diet stress alcohol abuse birth control pills/bronchodilators |
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What is the difference between primary and secondary hypertension?`
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Primary (also called essential hypertension) is hypertension from an unidentifiable cause (90-95%) and secondary is an identifiable cause
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What are the 3 stages of hypertension and the recommended treatment?
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1. PREHYPERTENSION 120/80 - 139/89: LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION
2. STAGE 1 140/90 - 159/99: LIFESTYLE MOD + MONOTHERAPY FOR MOST (bp chex q 2 mos) 3. STAGE 2 160/100+: LIFESTYLE MOD + COMBINATION DRUG THERAPY |
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Name some sign/symptoms of hypertension (50% are asymptomatic)
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* change in retina (hemorrhaging)
* left ventricular hypertrophy * severe occipital headaches (esp in a.m.), dizziness, fainting, polyuria/nocturia, epitaxis, pain similar to anginal pain, pain in calves after exercise, dyspnea on exertion |
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What is the DASH diet?
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Diet
Approach to Stop Hypertension Low sodium <2g, high grains, fruits, vegs, low proteins pt ed--takes 2 months for taste buds to acclimate to change |
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What is the treatment for pediatric hypertensives?
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diuretics + beta blocker or CCB
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What is a hypertensive emergency? What is the treatment (NAME 5 MEDS)?
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When bp must be lowered immediately to prevent damage to target organsuse IV vasodilators such as:
*NITROPRESS, NITROGLYCERINE, VASOTEC IV, CARDENE, CORLOPAM |
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What is a hypertensive urgency? What is the treatment (NAME 4 classes--1 MED each)?
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BP must be lowered in a few hours (i.e., severe perioperative hypertension). Managed with oral doses of fast acting agents such as:
1. Loop diuretics: Lasix 2. Beta blockers: propranolol (inderal), metoprolol (Lopressor) 3. ACE inhibitors: Vasotec 4. Calcium Channel Blockers: diltiazem hydrochloride (Cardizem) |
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What are the 5 lifestyle modifications to manage hypertension?
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1. weight reduction (BMI 18.5-24.9)
2. DASH eating plan 3. Dietary sodium restriction (2.4 g sodium or 6g sodium chloride) 4. Physical activity (30 min/day) 5. Moderation of ETOH (2 drinks/day) |
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What are 6 potential complications of hypertension?
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1. left ventricular hypertrophy
2. myocardial infarction 3. heart failure 4. TIAs/strok 5. Renal insufficiency/failure 6. retinal hemorrhage |
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What is the JNC7?
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The Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure
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Definition of blood pressure
How do medications attempt to lower blood pressure (3 ways) |
* Cardiac output x peripheral resistance
The drugs to treat hypertension try to lower cardiac output or resistance by: 1. decreasing blood volume 2. decreasing the strength of myocardial contraction 3. decreasing peripheral resistance |
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How often should a hypertension patient be evaluated?
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JNC7 says every month until the blood pressure goal is met, and then every 3-6 months thereafter.
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What are the major cardiovascular risk factors (9)?
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1. hypertension
2. smoking 3. obesity 4. physical inactivity 5. dyslipidemia 6. diabetes mellitus 7. age 8. family history 9. microalbuminuria |
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Who is the "typical" essential hypertension patient?
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* ages 35 - 50 (men over 35, women over 45)
* African Americans 2x risk |
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Name 8 identifiable causes of secondary hypertension
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1. sleep apnea
2. chronic kidney disease 3. primary aldosteronism 4. renovascular disease 5. cushing's syndrom 6. pheochromocytoma 7. coarctation of the aorta 8. thyroid or parathyroid disease |
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What is benign hypertension?
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moderate rise in blood pressure marked by a gradual onset and prolonged course
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What is malignant hypertension?
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rapid onset, short dramatic course with a diastolic pressure of more than 150!
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