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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 complications of CHD's |
Heart Failure Hypoxemia Growth Retardation Developmental Delay Pulmonary Vascular DZ |
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Evidence of Long Term Hypoxemia |
-clubbing -polycythemia -exercise intolerance -hypercyanotic spells -brain abscess -cerebrovascular accident |
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CHD with decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow: |
-Tetralogy of Fallot -Tricuspid Atresia |
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CHD with increased pulmonary blood flow: |
(PDA), (ASD), (VSD) |
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OBSTRUCTIVE BLOOD FLOW DISORDERS: |
-Coarctaion of the aorta -Aortic Stenosis -Pulmonary Stenosis |
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MIXED blood flow disorders: |
-Transposition of the Great Vessels
-Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome |
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Treatment for Severe cyanosis in newborns: |
Prostaglandin Infusion |
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Maintains patency of ductous arteriosis, improving pulmonary blood flow... |
Prostaglandin Infusion |
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To compensate for low blood oxygen levels, the kidneys produce _________________ to stimulate the bone marrow to produce more RBC's. |
Erythropoietin |
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4 defects of Tetralogy of Fallot: |
1. pulmonary stenosis
2. VSD
3. overriding aorta
4. Right ventricular hypertrophy |
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Pulmonary stenosis in Tetralogy of Fallot results in: |
-decreased blood flow to lungs -decrease in oxygenated blood returning to left atrium -Increased pressure in right ventricle which is shunted across the VSD into left atrium ****DEOXYGENATED blood is mixed with OXYGENATED blood*****
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What causes cyanosis in Tetralogy of Fallot? |
The mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood pumped into systemic circulation. |
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Compensatory response to increased blood flow to the lungs. |
Tachypnea/Tachycardia |
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Increased pulmonary blood flow= decreased systemic blood flow=_____________ |
Sodium and fluid retention. |
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Oxygen therapy is NOT helpful with increased pulmonary blood flow because... |
Oxygen is a vasodilator. If oxygen is used, pulmonary blood flow will be even greater causing tachypnea and fluid retention.
****Inc. pulmonary blood flow may lead to Pulmonary Hypertension.**** |
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In an ASD, the defect should close in _________. |
18 months. **if it does not close by 3 y/o, child will need surgery.** |
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ASD physical assessment findings: |
-Systolic murmur at pulmonic valve area.
-split s2 |
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Most Common CHD |
VSD |
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Increased pulmonary vascular resistance=>>>increased pulmonary artery pressure= |
Right ventricular hypertrophy |
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Untreated VSD's lead to: |
1. heart failure
2. aortic valve regurg
3. infective endocarditis |
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Patent ductus arteriosus= |
connection between the aorta and pulmonary artery. |
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Blood flow of PDA |
left atrium>>>left ventricle>>>aorta>>>pulmonary artery>>>lungs.
*** Blood never reaches systemic circulation! |
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What happens to pressures in the body with coarctation of the aorta? |
Blood pressure is increased in the heart and upper body AND decreased in the lower extremeties. |
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Risks of Coarctation of the Aorta: |
-aortic rupture
-aortic aneurysm
-CVA |
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Coarctation Health hx. and Exam findings: |
-frequent epistaxis -full, bounding pulses in upper extremities -weak, absent pulses in lower extremities -loud systolic murmur
***CHECK BP IN ALL FOUR EXTREMITIES!*** |
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What is Transposition of the Great Vessels? |
Aorta arises from the Right Ventricle instead of the Left and the Pulmonary artery arises frSom the Left ventricle instead of the Right.
*** Aorta and pulmonary artery are switched. |
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Significant cyanosis without a murmur is HIGHLY indicative of __________. |
TGV |
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Structural defects of HLHS |
1. Mitral and Aortic valve are completely closed or very small. 2. Left ventricle is non-functional.
***Left side of heart CANNOT transport blood to systemic circulation!!! |
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Treatment for Hypercyanotic Spell: |
1. Calm approach 2. Knee-to-chest 3. provide O2 4. Admin Morphine Sulfate 5. IV fluids 6. Admin Propanolol |
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Nipple feedings should be limited to: |
20 minutes |
