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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the therapeutic range for digoxin |
0.5 to 2 ng/ml |
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Which assessment finding best supports the nurse's concern that a client is experiencing digoxin toxicity |
bradycardia |
this is a sign of digoxin toxicity as digoxin slows and strengthens ventricular contraction |
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The serum potassium level that determines hypokalemia is |
>3.5 mEq/L |
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Antianginal drugs are prescribed for relief of anginal pain. Anginal pain is characterized by the following except: |
pain that lasts for 24 hours |
Anginal pain is shorter term. Longer-lasting pain is more indicative of necrosis and myocardial infarct |
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A nurse is preparing to administer nitroglycerin (NTG) via the sublingual route. The nurse knows that nitroglycerin tablets are administered sublingually: |
to absorb readily into the circulation |
sublingual medications are absorbed quickly into the bloodstream and are ready for action earlier than oral medications |
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A common side effect with nitrates is |
headaches |
Nitrates causes vasodilation, leading to increased cerebral blood flow and headaches |
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Which expected finding would the nurse assess for after administrating the calcium blocker nifedipine (Procardia)? |
decreased blood pressure |
Nifedipine causes hypotension |
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The slow calcium channel blocker that acts by decreasing excitability and contractility of the mycardium is |
verapamil |
Verapamil is an effective channel blocker |
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A client is ordered to receive stable angina. A common side effect to anticipate in a client receiving this medication includes: |
a pounding headache |
The pounding headache is related to vasodilation of the cerebral vessels
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The two main reasons for use of diuretics are to: |
decrease blood pressure and decrease edema |
Diuretics are given to decrease body fluid volume |
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A client's blood pressure is 165/90mm Hg. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) daily is ordered. Thiazide diuretics are classified according to their duration of action. HCTZ is |
a short-acting thiazide |
HCTZ has a short half life |
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A client taking hydochlorothiazide (HCTZ) will have labs monitored. The nurse should watch for which of he following? |
hypokalemia |
HCTZ is a potassium-wasting diuretics, and potassium levels must be monitored. |
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Client teaching for a client taking a thiazide diuretic includes: |
Advise the client to rise slowly from a sitting to a standing position to avoid dizziness |
Diuretics can lead to orthostatic hypotension. The client should limit Na intake and ingest K-containing foods |
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Osmotic diuretics are primarily prescribed for: |
decreasing intracranial and intraocular pressure |
These are the major uses of osmotic diuretics |
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Potassium-sparing diuretics are: |
weaker than potassium-wasting diuretics |
By their nature, potassium-sparing diuretics are not as strong as potassium wasting diuretics |
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Combination potassium-wasting and potassium-sparing diuretics are prescribed to control hypertension and edema, and to prevent: |
hypokalemia |
The addition of a potassium-sparing diuretic to a potassium-wasting diuretic assists the body in conserving potassium |
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Client teaching for a client taking a thiazide diuretic includes the following: |
advise the client to rise slowly from a sitting to a standing position to avoid dizziness |
Volume depletion my lead to orthostatic hypotension, warrenting certain activity restrictions |
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A factor contributing to hypertension is |
retention of sodium and water |
the retention of sodium and water leads to hypervolemia and increased pressure in the vessels |
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Nonpharmacologic methods to decrease blood pressure include |
weight reduction and restricted salt intake |
Weight loss decreases the stress on the heart and the afterload. Decreasing salt intake decreases the amount of retained fluid |
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Hypertension in an African American client can initially be controlled with: |
a diuretic |
Because of the different etiology of hypertension in African Americans, related to low rennin levels, diuretics are most effective in treating hypertension in this population |
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A client is ordered to receive propranolol (Inderal). The nurse notes that the client has a history of asthma. The nurse calls the ordering physician with the knowledge that propranolol may cause |
bronchial constriction |
As a beta blocker, it may cause airway constriction, exacerbating the asthmatic changes |
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The action of angiotension-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors is to |
inhibit the formation of angiotension II |
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Those taking ACE inhibitors who do not respond effectively to a reduction in blood pressure include: |
African Americans |
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Which side effect frequently occurs with ACE inhibitors but does not occur wit A-II receptor antagoinists |
cough |
Dry cough is a common side effect of the ACE inhibitors |
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According to the new blood pressure guidelines from the Joint National Committee-7, treatment for hypertension shoud begin when the systolic blood pressure is _____ mm Hg over the client's goal systolic value |
20 |
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A client is ordered to receive an antihypertensive medication. Which elements that should be included in teaching? |
Warn client to rise slowly to ovoid orthostatic hypotension
Discuss potential side effects of medication |
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The client will be taking scopolamine (Transderm-Scop) in his home for prevention of motion sickness. In teaching the client how to properly administer the medication, what is the nurse's highest priority instruction? |
The patch should be applied behind the ear at least 4 hours before the journey |
The patch should be applied behind the ear at least 4 hours before expected journey. Only one patch should be worn at a time; hands should be washed after application; and the patch maintains effectiveness for only 3 days |
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The action of opiates to control diarrhea is: |
decrease in intestinal motility |
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Serotonin receptor antagonists for decreasing vomiting are frequently prescribed for: |
cancer chemotherapy (before and after) |
These medications are especially useful for oncology care |
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Which of the following is true about emetics |
They are administered to induce vomiting only when the ingested substance is known |
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A nurse is providing health teaching for clients taking antihypertensives. One of the key teaching priorities to tell clients is that abrupt discontinuation of the drug may cause: |
rebound hypertension |
when antihypertensives are abruptly discontinued, the body increases the blood pressure in response |
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Ipecac is cotraindictated if which of the following substances is ingested |
chlorine bleach |
Bleach is a caustic substance and should not be reintrodruced to the esophagus during emesis |
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The opiate-related agent for diarrhea that can be purchased over the counter (OTC) is: |
loperamide (Immodium) |
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Health teaching for a client who has taken an antidiarrheal medication includes: |
instructing the client to avoid taking sedatives, tranquilizers, or other narcotics with opiate antidiarrheals |
many of the antidiarrheals cause sedation and therefore require monitoring |
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A client complains of constipation and is ordered a contact laxative. Contact laxatives act by: |
irritating sensory nerve endings in the intestinal mucosa |
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Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) is an example of which type of laxative |
contact |
this type of laxative irritates the bowel |
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Bulk-forming laxatives: |
should be taken wit sufficient water to prevent fecal impaction |
Bulk-forming laxatives absorb water and require water to pass stool |
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Nonpharmacologic measures to control or prevent the recurrence of GERD include which of the following |
Do not eat hot, spicy, and greasy food |
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Tranquilizers may be used to prevent and treat ulcers. This action is to decrease |
anxiety and vagal activity |
by decreasing vagal activity, less acid is produced |
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A gram-negative bacillus that is associated iwth the development of peptic ulcer is: |
Helicobacter pylori |
This organism is found in the biopsy of may persons with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) |
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A client is treated for an ulcer with antibiotics. It is recomended that a 6 week treatment regimen follow the antibacterial drug therapy. The drug recommended is: |
an H2 blocker |
An H2 blocker will decrease the acid and allow the ulcer to heal |
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A client took Amphojel (aluminum hydroxide), the nurse should instruct the client to monitor for what type of GI disturbance? |
constipation |
Aluminum causes constipation |
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When administering Mylanta II and ranitidine (Zantac), administration of both drugs should take place: |
1 to 2 hours apart |
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Histamine (H2) blockers are also effective for: |
preventing acid reflux in the esophagus |
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A client with a peptic ulcer is ordered to receive a proton pump inhibitor. PPIs are also effective in treating: |
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
PPIs are effective with PUD and acid reflux |
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The nurse is preparing to teach the patient with angina pectoris how to self administer Nitroglycerin (NTG) tablets. What patient teaching should the nurse emphasize |
stop all activities immediately and sit down if chest pain occurs
the nitroglycerin tablet should tingle when placed under the tongue |
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The client has been ordered to be treated with phenergan. Which aspect of the client's medical history would cause the nurse to notify the physician |
hypertension |
phenergan should be administered with caution to a client who has a history of hypertension |
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A patient, who is allergic to Aspirin (ASA) has some diarrhea. The nurse concludes that which antidiarrheal medication should not be given to the patient |
Kaopectate |
do not use this medication if had a severe allergic reaction |
