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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name all the major systemic vessels and chambers of the heart |
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Where is the heart located? |
In the central area of the thoracic cavity with the apex settled somewhere around the 5th intercostal space |
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What is the pericardium and how many layers does it have? |
Sac enclosing the heart; has 1 fibrous layer and 2 serous layers |
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What are the three layers of the heart? |
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Generally, the right side of the heart handles ______ blood and the left side handles ______ blood |
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Where does deoxygenated blood flow to? |
Lungs |
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Where does oxygenated blood flow to? |
Heart, then body systems |
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Describe the path the blood takes through the heart |
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What is the function of cardiac valves?
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Prevent backflow and keep blood flowing in the right direction |
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What effects does the prolapse of an AV valve have? |
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What are arteries? What are their layers? |
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What are the three main coronary arteries? |
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Describe the features of the LCA and the two major vessels branching from it |
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Describe the features of the RCA |
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The myocardium is ____ at rest rather than ____ |
Rest; stress |
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What percent workload is carried by each side of the heart, as regards cardiac circulation? |
Left - 85%; Right - 15% |
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What is dominance? |
Which artery feeds the AV node and gives rise to the posterior descending artery |
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What is the percentage split of dominance for the population? |
Right - 50%, Left - 50% |
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What occurs in the event of a left-side blockage of a coronary artery? |
Ventricular pumping issues |
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What occurs in the event of a right-side blockage of a coronary artery? |
AV node and electrical conduction issues |
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Define contractile and electrical tissue |
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List each step of the heart's conduction pathway, location of component/activity, and any associated statistics |
SA Node (right atrium, 60-100bpm) -> AV Node (right atrium, 40-60bpm) -> Bundle of HIS -> Right and Left Bundle Branches (Interventricual septum) -> Purkinje Fibers (throughout ventricular tissue on external walls) |
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What does the lag in AV node BPM do to the pumping action of the heart? |
Delays the signal enough to allow blood to fill ventricles |
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Define akinesis, dyskinesis, and hypokinesis |
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Where do impulses originate in the heart?
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SA Node |
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What is an ectopic impulse? |
Impulse that originates someplace other than the SA node |
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What does an impulse do to the cardiac cells? |
Causes a change in the sodium potassium pump, which causes depolarization of the cell membrane and contraction (systole). |
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After contraction, what occurs? |
Repolarization of cells and relaxation (diastole) |
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What is the PR interval and its importance? |
Time between atrial depolarization to beginning of ventricular depolarization (SA node through AV node); important for identifying atrial issues |
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What is the ST segment and its importance?
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Time from end of ventricular depolarization to the start of ventricular repolarization; abnormality indicates blood flow issues
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What is the QT interval and its importance? |
Summation of time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization; gets wider if there is an abnormality |
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What is the R - R Interval and its importance? |
Ventricular contraction to ventricular contraction; most important for nuc med as it is used to calculate heart rate and assess arrhythmia |
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What does ST elevation mean? |
Tombstone sign AKA You dead |
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What does ST Depression indicate? |
Ischemia |
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What are the heart rates for eucardia, tachycardia, and bradycardia? |
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What is the Ejection Fraction and its associated formula? |
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What is stroke volume?
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Volume of blood in mL ejected from left ventricle
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What is cardiac output and associated formula? |
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What is the cardiac index and a normal range for it? |
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