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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What happens to arterial pressure during diastole? |
It drops gradually |
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In a pressure map of the left ventricular, what is the slight bump before the sudden rise in ventricular pressure indicate? |
Atrial kick |
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When do arterial and ventricular pressure peak? |
At systole |
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What does the S1 sound come from? |
Closure of atrioventricular valve |
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What does the S2 sound come from? |
Closure of the pulmonic and aortic valve |
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How is stroke volume calculated from the volumes of the Left ventricle during systole and diastole? |
SV = LVEDV - LVESV |
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What must occur for the AV valve to close? |
Ventricular pressure must exceed atrial pressure |
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What is the real job of the atria? |
Receiving chambers during ejection to rapidly fill ventricle during diastole |
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What value is LVEDP an index for? |
preload
(which is really the length of the muscle fibers) |
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What does the rate in the development of Left Ventricular pressure tell us? |
Contractility |
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What are the 4 phases of the cardiac cycle? |
1) Isovolumic contraction 2) Ejection 3) Isovolumic relaxation 4) Filling |
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To what value is LV diastolic pressure related? |
To LV diastolic volume |
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What equation defines compliance? |
Change in volume / Change in pressure |
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What happens to the pressure-volume curve with decreased compliance? |
Increases in slope |
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What can cause a reduction of compliance? (3) |
- Hypertrophy - Amyloidosis - Aging |
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What does the area in the pressure volume graph indicate? |
MVO2 |
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How is LVEDP measured? |
Swan-Ganz catheter used to measure pulmonary capillary wedge pressure |
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Does sympathetic stimulation change preload? |
No |
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Does sympathathetic stimulation change ventricular contractility? |
Yes, increases it |
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If LVEDV decreased, what would happen to stroke volume? |
Also decrease |
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If Stroke volume increased, what would occur to LVEDV? |
Decrease |
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How are right and left ventricles of the heart balanced by Starling's law? |
Changes in preload |
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How does a heart maintain cardiac output when it is failing? |
Dilation |
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What effect does increasing left ventricular volume without any change in afterload have on work performed? |
Work is increased |
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What is Laplace's law? |
P = 2T/r
P = Pressure T = Tension r = radius |
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How does a positive inotropism (contractility) increase stroke volume without affecting preload? |
Decreases End Systolic volume |
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What effect will an increase of preload have on cardiac output? |
Increases it |
