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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CARDIAC CHEST PAIN AND ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: EM
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CARDIAC CHEST PAIN AND ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: EM
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Define coarctation
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a constriction, stricture or stenosis, particularly of the aorta
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Define atherosclerosis
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irregularily distributed lipid deposits in the intima of large and medium arteries. They provoke fibrosis and calcification.
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Define infarction
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sudden insufficiency of arterial or veouns blood supply due to emboli, thrombi, vascular torsion or pressure that produces a macroscopic area of necrosis
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define palpitations
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forcible or irregular pulsation of the heart, perceptible to the pt usually with an increase in frequency or force with or without irregularity in rhythm
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Define vegetations
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a condition of sluggishness or; a clot, composed largely of fused blood platelets, fibrin and sometimes microorganisms adherent to a diseased heart orifice or valve and initiated by infection of the structure involved
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Define hypoxia
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deficiency in oxygen supply or availability to tissue
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Define Ischemia
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oxygen deprivation accompanied by inadequate removal of metabolites due to reduced perfusion
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What physiological event(s) causes ACS
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secondary reduction in myocardial blood flow due to coronary arterial spasm, disruption of artherosclerotic plaques and platelet aggregation or thrombus formation
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Know the risk factors for ASVD: modifiable ones are those we can control eg: diet, non-modifiable are out of our control eg: age
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Uncontrolled DM/HTN, smoking, illicit drugs, age, diet, sedentary life style, obesity, hyperlipidemia, fam hx.
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Explain how gender, sex, age and diabetes can effect the presntation of a patient with ASVD
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Old women with DM are associated with more atypical presentations. Even so, they shouldn't be evaluated differetnly.
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Describe the approach to a patient with chest pain and explain why the history is so important to making a diagnosis.
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OPQRST of symptoms and activites that precipitate sxs are helpful with a dx
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What symptom would make the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome less likely
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Risk factors are only a tool and are poor predictors of cardiac risk in the ED
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What are symptoms of ACS
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can appear deceptively well without sxs's, uncomfortable, pale, cynotic, SOB, normal or irregular pulse/rate or BP,
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