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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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By what age should a child be tested for hyperlipidemia or hypercholesterol?
What are the risk factors for hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia in children? |
After age 2 a child who has a cholesterol about 176 is high risk.
coronary LID above 55, cigarette/smoking, HT, DM, Zero excercising, High fat intake, Obesity
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How are high cholesterol or lipids managed? |
Low saturate fat diet < 10 % Sat. Fat Total Fat < 30 % < 7 % total calories from saturated fat Dietary cholesterol < 200 mg/day
and no smoking around child and have child get regular excercise |
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What is the first choice for lipid/fat release in children? |
Cholestyramine or Colestipol (1 hour before or 6 hours after normal meds) Action Removes Bile which body must use retained cholesterol in stead Adminster: powder with juice S/E: depletes normal vitamins and nutrients, Constipation, Abdominal pain and nausea Nursing: Take with juice and not with meds, must also give supplemental iron with multivitamins and monitor CBC and vitamin levels in blood. |
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What is the second choice for medical administration? |
Niacin Dose: 125 to 250 mg BID to max 30 mg/kg/day Action: Increases HDL by removing triglicerides and cholesterol from the blood Side Effects: Flushing head to toe but aspirin diminishes flushing. Nursing: Give 75 to 360 mg before bedtime and follow liver enzymes and bilirubin
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What is the third choice for lipid management for children? |
Statin Action: stops Co enzyme A needed for cholesterol production Nursing Care: Give at lowest dose possible at nightime. Monitor liver fuction tests and creatine kinase levels (because increases liver enzymes and muscle wasting) |
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What are causes of hypertension?
What are two types of hypertension and cause?
What are clinical manifestations of h |
Environmental or Genetic
Primary none Secondary : Renal Disease
S/E include many headaches, dizziness, visual changes, gross behavioral changes (irritability, bangs head, screaming at night) |
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How is hypertension assessed in a child? |
Annually Blood Pressure for ages 3 and up
HTN stage 1 has blood pressure between (95 to 99%) by age and sex Severe is Stage 2 HT(remains above 99% for extended period of time) for age/sex plus 5 hg on 3 occasions 40 to 50 % cuff width or 80 to 100 %
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What's most common cause of hypertension in children?
When is hypertension assessed by doctors in children? |
Renal Disease
Three years and older are checked annually their blood pressure |
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What is the therapy for Primary/Essential? Non pharmacology and pharmacology |
Dietary (lower SALT intake) Weight Control Increase Exercise Avoid Stress Avoid Smoking D/C oral contraceptive because cause risk for stroke |
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What is pharmacology treatment for hypertension? |
Betablockers (Inderal propanolol) (cardiovascular) (supress renin) (lower contraction, heart rate and CO) Beta 1 not Beta 2 if have asthma or diabetes Ace Inhibitor (Capoten) (vasodilator and diuretic) Diuretics (Lasix) (lowers blood volume and blood pressure) Vasodilators (Apresoline or Hydrazaline) (increase blood flow and lower blood pressure)
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What is major reasons for children to have congenital heart defects like Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) which is most common. |
Mother: Rubella in pregancy, give FAS, age over 40, Insulin dependent mother |
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What are some other conditions that occur with congenital heart defect children? |
tracheoesophageal fistula, renal agenesis (lower kidney function at birth which is not developed to full) or diaphragmatic hernias |
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How is a congenital heart disease found? |
Radiograph image for records to compare with future photos Electrocardiography of impulses Echocardiogram of heart structures, blood flow and any defects visible May need a Cardiac Catheterization to show defects better |
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What is the Cardiac Catheterization going to determine? |
Cardiac Output and Cardiac Pressure measured With angiography can see cardiac anomalies
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