Cardiac And Smooth Muscle

Front 1

Contaction with regular rhythm, uniform contraction and highly resistant to fatigue are all required properties of what?

Back 1

Cardiac muscle

Front 2

Striated muscle, shorter and thicker myocytes, intercalated discs, electrical gap junctions are all components of what?

Back 2

Cardiac muscle

Front 3

____ ____ allow each myocyte to directly stimulate its neighbors.

Back 3

Gap junctions

Front 4

In cardiac muscle, the SR is less developed but the T tubules are larger and admit supplemental Ca from where?

Back 4

The ECF

Front 5

Damaged cardiac muscle cells repair how?

Back 5

Fibrosis

Front 6

Cardiac muscle contains a built-in ____ that rhythmically sets off a wave of electrical excitation. The wave travels through the muscle and triggers contraction of heart chambers.

Back 6

Pacemaker

Front 7

True or false: the Autonomic Nervous system sends nerve fibers to the heart.

Back 7

True

Front 8

Does the heart contain slow of fast twitches?

Back 8

Slow to allow the hear to expel blood

Front 9

Cardiac muscle uses what type of ATP synthesis means almost exclusively?

Back 9

Aerobic respiration

Front 10

Smooth muscle is composed of myocytes that have a ____ shape, ____ nucleus and no visible ____

Back 10

fusiform; one; striations

Front 11

In smooth muscle, Z discs are absent and replaced with what?

Back 11

Dense bodies

Front 12

In smooth muscle, the SR is ___ and there are ____ T tubules.

Back 12

scanty; No

Front 13

In smooth muscle contraction, where does the calcium come from that is needed for contraction?

Back 13

The ECF

Front 14

Does injured smooth muscle regenerate well?

Back 14

YES

Front 15

This type of smooth muscle occurs in some of the largest arteries and pulmonary air passages, in piloerector muscles of hair follicles, and the iris of the eyes.

Back 15

Multi-unit smooth muscle

Front 16

This type of smooth muscle is more widespread. It occurs in most blood vessels in the digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts. It is also called visceral muscle.

Back 16

Single-unit smooth muscle

Front 17

Myocytes of this type of smooth muscle are electrically coupled to each other by ____.

Back 17

Gap junctions

Front 18

Smooth muscles is ____ and can contract without nervous stimulation

Back 18

Involuntary

Front 19

In single-unit smooth muscle, each autonomic nerve fibers has up to 20,000 beadlike swellings called what?

Back 19

Varicosities

Front 20

In smooth muscle contraction, calcium binds to ____ on thick filaments to activate ____.

Back 20

Calmodulin; myosin light chain kinase

Front 21

Contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle is very ____ in comparison to skeletal muscle.

Back 21

Slow

Front 22

Smooth muscle utilizes as ____ mechanism that is resistant to fatigue.

Back 22

Latch-bridge mechanism

Front 23

____ can open mechanically gated calcium channels in the sarcolemma, causing contractions in smooth muscle.

Back 23

Stretch

Front 24

Waves of contraction brought about by food distending the esophagus or feces distending the colon that propels the contents along the organ is called what?

Back 24

Peristalsis

Front 25

The ____ response helps hollow organs gradually fill without emptying.

Back 25

Stress-relaxation

Front 26

Why is smooth muscle able to contract forcefully even when it is greatly stretched?

Back 26

No z discs, the thick and thin filaments are not arranged into sarcomeres, and thick filaments have myosin heads along their entire length so cross bridges can form anywhere

Front 27

The ability to adjusts its tension to the degree of stretch is what?

Back 27

Plasticity

Front 28

An autoimmune disease in which antibodies attack neuromuscular junctions and bind ACh receptors together in clusters is what? It is a disease mainly of women between 20-40.

Back 28

Myasthenia Gravis

Front 29

The inability to fixate on the same point with both eyes is called what?

Back 29

Strabismus

Front 30

Cholinesterase inhibitors, immunosupressive agents, thymus removal, and plasmapheresis are all treatments for what disease?

Back 30

Myasthenia gravis