Cardiac Adult I

Front 1

How does blood flow thru the Right side of the heart?

Back 1

Inferior and Superior vena cava empty de-O2 blood thru Tricuspid valve into Right Atrium. Then flows thru Pulmonic valve into Pulmonary Artery.

"Flows thru Right side, provides de-O2 blood to lungs"

Front 2

How does blood flow thru the Left side of the heart?

Back 2

Pulmonary Veins (carry O2 rich blood) to the L atrium, thru the Mitral valve, to the Aortic valve to Aorta to systemic circulation

"Flows thru Left side, provides systemic O2 rich blood"

Front 3

Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome Etiology

Back 3

blood leaks back into left atrium from the ventricle b/c mitral valve failed to close.

Front 4

Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome Clinical Manifestations

Back 4

May hear a "click", palpitations, chest pain, activity intolerance

Front 5

Mgmt of MVPS

Back 5

Antidysrhythmic Agents, Tx of heart failure: diuretics, cardiotonics, beta blockers, **Prophlaytic antibiotics to prevent SBE

Front 6

Mitral stenois

Back 6

Mitral valve doesn't close, allows "dripping" of blood into Left ventricle. Impedes forward flow of blood.

Front 7

S/S Mitral stenosis

Back 7

Blood comes from Lungs, so problems will be on Lungs. Dyspnea, cough, AFib, Weak and Irreg Heart, Murmurs, Risk of Emboli (Stagnant blood)

Front 8

Mgmt of Mitral Stenosis

Back 8

Antibiotic therapy, diuretics, Prosthetic valve,

Front 9

Aortic Valve Stenosis (Narrowed)

Back 9

Decreased cardiac output, high risk for CHF (heart works harder to pump blood out), dyspnea, CHEST PAIN, DIZZINESS, systolic murmur

Front 10

Aortic Insufficiency

Back 10

**Emergency**
Backflow of blood from Aorta into Left Ventricle
*Hypotension, Dyspnea, Weakness (S/S L ventricular failure)
Must surgically replace the Aortic Valve

Front 11

Tricuspid Disease-who usually has this

Back 11

Usually seen in Long term IV drug users or those with Mitral Stenosis

Front 12

Tricuspid Disease Etiology

Back 12

Increase in volume in R atrium and R ventricle

Front 13

Tricuspid Disease S/S

Back 13

This happens on the Right side of the heart, so S/S will be those systemic in nature. Peripheral edema, Hepatomegaly, Ascites, Mumurs

Front 14

Cardiomyopathies

Back 14

Disease of the heart muscle. Leads to impaired pumping of LEFT ventricle. Need heart transplant.

Front 15

Rheumatic Fever Etiology

Back 15

Untreated strep throat can lead to endocarditis. Effects all bony joints (arthritis), heart failure depending on which side is affected.

Front 16

S/S Rheumatic Fever

Back 16

Carditis, polyarthritis, chorea "chorea dance", SubQ nodules

Front 17

Management Rheumatic Fever

Back 17

Antibiotics, Treat CHF, Anti-inflammatory drugs (saliciates)
Bedrest and decrease O2 use

Front 18

Bacterial Endocarditis Etiology

Back 18

Infection of the valves and endothelial surface of the heart , blood is stagnant and bacteria can grow

Front 19

S/S Bacterial Endocarditis

Back 19

Chills, Fever, Thrombus, Embolism, headache, muscle and back pain

Front 20

Mgmt Bacterial Endocarditis

Back 20

Eradicate invading organism, prophlactic antibiotics, surgical valve replacement

Front 21

Hypertensive Crisis Causes

Back 21

Sudden increase BP >180/120 can be due to noncompliance, crack cocaine use, tumor of adrenal medulla

Front 22

Hypertensive Crisis Significance

Back 22

Increased BP: CVA!!!, MI, renal failure

Front 23

Systems that Regulate Blood Pressure

Back 23

Cardiovascular (releases subst that vasodilate or constrict)
Renal (controls sodium excretion and extracellular volume)
Endocrine-epinepherine and norepinepherine
Neuro-Baroreceptors- in carotid arteries dilate or constrict

Front 24

CHF

Back 24

Inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the needs of the tissues for oxygen and nutrients. Leads to LOW cardiac output (BPxSV)

Front 25

How does the body try to compensate in CHF?

Back 25

Sympathetic nervous system, ventricular dilation and hypertrophy, neuro-hormonal response (ADH, aldosterone)

Front 26

S/S Left sided heart failure

Back 26

Dyspnea, Orthopnea, Dry hacking cough, restless and anxiety, chest pain (think lungs)

Front 27

S/S Right sided heart failure

Back 27

Pitting edema, hepatomeagaly, ascites, anorexia and nausea, weakness (think systemic)

Front 28

Management of Heart failure

Back 28

O2 therapy, High Fowlers position, feet HORIZ, strict I's and O's put on fluid restriction, Na restricted diet

Front 29

Heart failure medications

Back 29

Diuretics, Vasodilators, Inotropic drugs