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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal cardiac output
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5000 mL/minute
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Normal stroke volume
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70 mL/stroke (contraction)
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Cardiac output can increase _____ times during exercise, as a result of increases in _____ and _____
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five
heart rate stroke volume |
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three layers of the heart
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Endocardium - innermost layer, endothelial tissue that lines the inner chambers and the heart valves.
Myocardium - middle layer, striated muscle fibers that form interlaced bundles, this is the actual contracting muscle of the heart. Epicardium (aka visceral pericardium) - covers the outer surface of the heart, adheres closely to the heart and to the first several centimeters of the pulmonary artery and aorta. |
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Endocardium
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Endocardium - innermost layer of the heart, endothelial tissue that lines the inner chambers and the heart valves
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Myocardium
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Myocardium - middle layer of the heart, striated muscle fibers that form interlaced bundles, this is the actual contracting muscle of the heart.
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Epicardium
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Epicardium (aka visceral pericardium) - covers the outer surface of the heart, adheres closely to the heart and to the first several centimeters of the pulmonary artery and aorta.
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Epicardium is also known as _____ _____
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visceral pericardium
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The pericardium _____ the _____ _____; is a _______________. Attached anteriorly to the _____, posteriorly to the _____ _____, and inferiorly to the _____.
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Encases the visceral pericardium (epicardium); is a tough, loose-fitting, fibrous outer membrane that is attached anteriorly to the lower half of the sternum, posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae and inferiorly to the diaphragm.
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Pericardial space
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space between the pericardium (tough, loose-fitting, fibrous outer membrane) and the visceral pericardium (aka epicardium) (covers the outer surface of the heart, adheres closely to the heart)
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Pericardial space holds _____ mL of pericardial fluid.
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5 to 20 mL
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Cardiac tamponade is _____ and it _____ the filling of the ventricles.
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excessive fluid accumulation
diminish |
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Regurgitant/insufficient valves are _____.
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leaky
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Stiff heart valves are _____ and they cannot _____ _____.
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"stenotic"
open completely. |
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Between the pericardium and the visceral pericardium (epicardium) is the _____ _____.
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pericardial space
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RIGHT atrium of the heart: Receives __________ from the __________ and __________. Blood passes to the __________.
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receives deoxygenated systemic blood
from the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava blood passes to the right ventricle |
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LEFT atrium of the heart: Receives __________ from the __________. Blood passes to the __________.
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Receives oxygenated blood
from the lungs Blood passes to the left ventricle |
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RIGHT ventricle of the heart: Receives blood from the __________ via the __________. Pumps blood to the __________.
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receives blood from the right atrium VIA the tricuspid valve
pumps blood to the pulmonary circulation |
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LEFT ventricle of the heart: Receives blood from the __________ via the __________. Pumps blood to the __________.
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receives blood from the left atrium VIA the bicuspid valve
pumps blood to the systemic circulation |
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The heart consists of 4 chambers: _____, _____, _____, and _____.
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The heart consists of 4 chambers: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
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Right atrium receives blood from _____ and _____.
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Right atrium receives blood from superior and inferior vena cava.
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Blood flows from right atrium, across _____ valve, into _____.
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Blood flows from right atrium, across tricuspid valve, into right ventricle.
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Muscle of _____ ventricle is not as thick as _____ ventricle.
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Muscle of right ventricle is not as thick as left ventricle.
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Blood enters _____ from right ventricle. Backflow prevented by _____ valve.
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Blood enters pulmonary artery from right ventricle. Backflow prevented by semilunar pulmonic valve.
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Blood returns to heart from lungs via _____ that enter _____ atrium.
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Blood returns to heart from lungs via 4 pulmonary veins that enter left atrium.
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Blood flows from left atrium, across _____ valve, into _____.
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Blood flows from left atrium, across mitral valve, into left ventricle.
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_____ has a thick muscular wall and generates high pressures during contraction.
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Left ventricle has a thick muscular wall / generate high pressures during contraction.
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Blood from left ventricle is ejected across _____ valve, into _____.
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Blood from left ventricle is ejected across aortic valve, into aorta.
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Atrioventricular AV valves are _____ and _____ valves.
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Atrioventricular AV valves are tricuspid and mitral valves.
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Semilunar valves are _____ and _____ valves.
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Semilunar valves are pulmonic and aortic valves.
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_____ receive blood from veins and store it prior to each contraction.
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Atria receive blood from veins and store it prior to each contraction (heart beat).
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Right atrium receives blood from main body veins called _____.
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Right atrium receives blood from main body veins called "vena cava"
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Superior vena cava (SVC) carries blood from _____, _____, and _____.
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Superior vena cava (SVC) carries blood from head, upper chest and arms.
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Inferior vena cava (IVC) carries blood from _____. _____, and _____.
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Inferior vena cava (IVC) carries blood from lower chest, abdomen and legs.
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Left atrium receives blood from lungs via 4 separate _____.
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Left atrium receives blood from lungs via 4 separate pulmonary veins.
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Systole refers to a period of _____ by heart muscle.
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Systole refers to a period of contraction by heart muscle.
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Diastole refers to a period of _____ by heart muscle.
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Diastole refers to a period of relaxation by heart muscle.
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Both atria _____ and push stored blood across _____ valves into _____, to help fill them.
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Both atria contract and push stored blood across AV valves into ventricles, to help fill them.
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_____ valve is located between left atrium and left ventricle.
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Mitral valve located between left atrium and left ventricle.
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_____ valve is between right atrium and right ventricle.
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Tricuspid valve is between right atrium and right ventricle.
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Atrial systole: Both _____ contract and push stored blood across _____ valves into _____, to help fill them; this reduces the volume of _____ and _____ pressure.
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Atrial systole: Both atria contract and push stored blood across AV (mitral and tricuspid) valves into ventricles, to help fill them; this reduces the volume of atria and increases pressure.
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After atria contracts, _____ begin to contract.
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After atria contracts, ventricles begin to contract.
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When pressure in ventricles increases, blood is forced against _____ valves.
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When pressure in ventricles increases, blood is forced against AV valves.
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During ventricular contraction (systole), the AV valves _____ to prevent backflow → _____ heart sound. This _____ pressure in the ventricles.
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During ventricular contraction (systole), the AV valves _____ to prevent backflow → _____ heart sound. This decreases pressure in the ventricles.
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Blood is ejected into arteries through _____ and _____ valves.
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Blood is ejected into arteries through aortic and pulmonary (semilunar) valves.
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