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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chemical Carcinogen:
Polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons source? effect? ex? |
-tobacco combustion (cigarette smoking), smoked meats and fish
-lung and bladder cancers, skin painting (cancer), SC injections (sarcomas), local cancer -squamous cell carcinoma or small cell carcinoma in a chronic smoker; transitional cell carcinoma in a chronic smoker |
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Chemical carcinogens:
aromatic amines and azo dyes source? effect? |
-acetyl-aminoflourene and azo dyes, carcinogenicity mainly in the liver ("ultimate Carcinogen" formed by action of cytochrome P-450 oxygenase systems)
-hepatocellular carcinoma |
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Chemical carcinogen:
Beta-napthylamine source? effect? |
-in heavily exposed workers in aniline dyes and rubber industries, chronic smokers
-transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder |
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Chemical carcinogen:
Aflatoxin b1 source? effect? |
-produced by fungus "aspergillus flavus" in improperly stored corn, rice, peanuts [Qidong province (China) and Gambia (Africa)
-hepatocellular carcinoma 249ser p53 mutations [G:C-T:A transversion in codon 249] |
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Chemical carcinogen:
Nitrosamines and amines source? effect? |
-in stomach from rxn of nitrosable amines and nitrates used as a preservative converted to nitrites by bacteria (Japanese!)
-gastric carcinoma |
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Chemical Carcinogen:
Asbestos source? effect? |
-In pipe fitters and ship builders
-mesothelioma, lung cancer (bronchogenic carcinoma), GIT {asbestos bodies/ferruginous bodies} |
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Chemical carcinogen:
Vinyl Chloride source? effect? |
-Exposure to plastics (working plastic pipe industry)
-angio-sarcoma of liver |
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Chromium nickel can cause?
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-lung cancer (bronchogenic carcinoma), nose
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Arsenic can cause?
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-skin cancer, lung, hemangiosarcoma
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Squamous cell carcinoma from smoking can affect?
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Oral cavity, mid-esophagus, larynx, lung
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Adenocarcinoma from smoking can affect?
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distal esophagus, pancreas, kidney
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Transitional cell carcinoma can affect?
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urinary bladder, renal pelvis
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Squamous cell carcinoma from alcohol can affect? (3)
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oropharynx upper/middle esophagus, pancreatic and hepatocellular carcinomas
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Besides smoking, the 2nd most common cause of lung cancer?
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Radon
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Estrogen can result in?
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liver tumors (adenoma)
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Diethyl stilbestrol can result in?
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post-menopausal endometrial CA in mother, clear cell carcinoma of vagina/cervix
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High dietary fat, increased bile acids can result in?
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colon CA (diet low in fiber)
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Oral contraceptives can result in?
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breast and cervical CA
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What are 3 types of skin cancer radiation Carcinogenesis can cause?
what is the mechanism? |
-basal cell CA, squamous cell CA, melanoma
-UVB 280-320nm (pyrimidine dimers - DNA damage); NER but if pt has enzyme defect= xeroderma pigmentosa susceptibility |
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Radiation induced neoplasms:
Atomic bomb? (2 main types) |
-Leukemias (except CLL)
-thyroid cancer (papillary type) -breast, lung cancer (less common) -skin, bones, gut (least susceptible) |
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Radiation induced neoplasms?
X-ray workers? (2) |
-radiation dermatitis
-Skin cancers |
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Radiation induced neoplasms?
Osteosarcoma? |
-painting dials of watches with luminous radium
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DNA oncogenic viruses:
HBV mechanism? assoc cancer? assoc features? |
-activates pro-oncogenes, inactivates p53
-hepatocellular carcinoma -chronic liver cell injury and regenerative hyperplasia in cirrhosis |
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DNA oncogenic viruses:
Epstein barr virus assoc neoplasms? (4) |
-Burkitt's lymphoma
-Hodgkin lymphoma -CNS B-cell lymphoma in AIDS pts -Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) |
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What is the mechanism for EBV?
-What does it increase risk for? |
infects epithelial cells of oropharynx and B cells
(enters B cells via CD21) -polyclonal B-cell proliferation which increases risk for t(8:14) translocation |
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HPV
mechanism? assoc cancer? What are the 2 types? |
-Viral DNA integrated in host genome
-squamous cell carcinoma of vulva, vagina, cervix, anus, larynx, and oropharynx -Type 16 and 18 |
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HHV
mechanism? assoc cancer? clinical vignette? |
-acts via cytotoxins released from HIV and HSV
-Kaposi's sarcoma (in AIDS) -Violacious plaques and nodules in a pt with AIDS. Biopsy reveals poorly demarcated lesion composed of fibroblasts and endothelial-like cells |
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HTLV1
mechanism? assoc cancer? endemic where and transmission? |
-activates TAX gene, stimulates polyclonal T-cell proliferation, inhibits p53
-T-cell leukemia and lymphoma -(endemic in Japan and caribbean) transmitted via intercourse, blood, & breast feeding |
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HCV
mechanism? assoc cancer? |
-produces post-necrotic cirrhosis
-hepatocellular carcinoma |
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Microbes that can lead to cancer:
-H. Pylori (2) |
-low grade malignant B-cell lymphoma (MALToma)
-Stomach cancer (adenocarcinoma) |
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Parasites that can lead to cancer:
Schistosoma hematobium? |
Squamous cell carcinoma of urinary bladder
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Parasites that can lead to cancer:
Clonorchis sinensis? |
Cholangiocarcinoma of bile ducts
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