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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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are aldehyde or ketone derivatives of polyhydroxy, alcohol or compounds that yield these derivatives on hydrolysis
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carbohyrdates
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function and characteristics
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1.structural components of dna and rna
2.source of energy 3.stored in the body 4.converted into fats for storage |
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types of carbohydrates
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1. monosaccharides
2. disaccharides 3. polysaccharides 4. glycoproteins |
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reference principle method
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hexokinase method
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also known as simple sugars. consist of single polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. cannot ve hydrolyse to simplier forms
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monosaccharide
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one of the carbon atom is double bonded to an oxygen atom to form a ____
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carbonyl group
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has the carbonyl groyp at the end of the carbon chain
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aldehyde
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has a carbonyl group at any position of the carbon chain
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ketone
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disaccharides are join together by what type of bond
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O-glycisidic bond
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two monosaccharides join covalently
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disaccharide
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most common disaccharide
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1. maltose
2. lactose 3. sucrose |
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glucose + glucose
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maltose
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glucose + galactose
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lactose
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glucose + fructose
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sucrose
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linkage of multiple monosaccharides
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polysaccharides
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the major storage carbohydrates
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starch in plants
glycogen in animals |
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composed mainly of a series of glycose molecules
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glucosans
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nearly all starches are mixture pf two types of glucosans
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amylopectins & amylose
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products of partial hydrolysis of starch
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dextrins
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structural polysaccharides of plants
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cellulose
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principle component of exoskeleton of arthropods
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chitin
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composed mainly of fructose units
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fructosan
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a polysaccharide found in the tubers of certain plants
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inulin
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one of the most frequent modification of proteins
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glycosylation
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many integral membrane proteins have ______
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oligosaccharides
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oligosaccharides covalently attached to the extracellular region forming ____
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glycoproteins
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examples of glycoproteins
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1. antibodies
2. hormones 3. coagulation factors |
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methods of glucose determination
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1. hexokinase methods
2. glucose oxidase 3. modified glucose oxidase methods 4. glucose dehydrogenase |
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hexokinase method interferences
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1. hemolyzed specimen containing 0.5g hb/dL
2. drugs 3. bilirubin/ icteric sample 4. Lipemia (tag >500mg/dL) |
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measurement of glucose in urine
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1. qualitative
2. semiquantitative 3. quantitative method |
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a quantitative method. recommended for accuracy & specificity
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1. hexokinase
2. glucose dehydrogenase |
