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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Carbohydrates
What are their purposes? |
Oxidation of carbohydrates is the central energy yeilding pathwaay in non photosynthetic cells.
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Carbohydrates
Where are they found? |
Structure- cell walls and connective tissue
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What are the three major classes of carbs?
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1. Monosaccharides-single polyhydroxy aldehyde or keytone
2. Disaccharide- 2 '' 3. Polysaccharide-20 '' |
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Aldose or Ketose
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Ketose- carboxyl in center (ex: fruit sugars like fructose)
Aldose- carboxyl at end (ex: blood sugar or glucose) |
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pentose sugars
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ribose or deoxyribose are sugars in nucleic acids (RNA and DNA)
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Monosaccharides are have asymmetric centers. They are ___________.
Which form is bioactive? |
Chiral
D form is active |
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Epimer
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Two sugars that differe only in the configuration of one carbon atom
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Isomer
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In structural isomers the chemical formula is the same but the bond sturcture is different.
In stereoisomers the bond structure is the same, but the geometrical positioning of atoms and functional groups in space differs. |
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typical form (shape) for sugars
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in solution they are cyclized into alpha or beta form
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pyranoses
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six member ring compounds
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furanoses
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five member ring compounds
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How are sugars linked?
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glycosidic bonds
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Glycogen
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polymer of alpha 1-->4 linked glucose
branches are alpha 1-->6 linked |
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Why is glycogen branched?
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Branches increas solubility
Branches increase avilability of glucose to be broken down |
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Wher is glycogen stored?
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liver cells (hepatocytes)
sleketal muscles |
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Starch
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alpha 1-->4 linked D glucose but no branching
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Cellulose
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beta 1-->4 linked D glucose
Hydrogen bond rigidity- humans can't break this down |
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Chitin
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B1-->4 linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
shellfish |
