Carbohydrate Metabolism

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The sum of the processes of chemical changes in living cells by which energy is provided for vital processes and activities and new material is assimilated.

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Carbohydrate Metabolism

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ATP

Back 2

Adenosine Triphosphate

Front 3

Provides metabolic fuel
Yields ATP

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Glucose catabolism

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Glucose catabolism yields ATP
Heat is given off
Red blood cells and brain exclusively use glucose

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Energy

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Short-term energy storage

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Glucose

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Carbohydrates serve as precursors to fatty acids (fat)
Glycogen

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Long-term energy storage

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Amino group added to C skeleton provided by Carbohydrates

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Amino acid precursor

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Carbohydrate Metabolism Provides...............

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1. Energy
2. Short-term energy storage
3. Long-term energy storage
4. Amino acid precursor

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Three systems of major importance

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1. Glycolysis
2. Kreb’s cycle (TCA)
3. Oxidative Phosphorylation

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a) Anaerobic – No O2
b) Occurs in cytosol – all enzymes must be present in cytosol

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Glycolysis

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a) Aerobic – needs O2
b) Occurs in mitochondria

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Kreb’s cycle (TCA)

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a) Aerobic – needs O2
b) Occurs in mitochondria

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Oxidative Phosphorylation

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Purpose of these cycles :
1. Glycolysis
2. Kreb's cycle (TCA)
3. Oxydative Phosphorylation

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1. Oxidize glucose and generate ATP and other metabolically active compounds for animal metabolism.
2. Generate metabolic fuel.

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Oxidation of glucose to 2 pyruvate.

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Glycolysis

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Glycolysis produces how many ATP's initially?

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2

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Glycolysis generates......

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1. 2 NADH
2. 2 ATP

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Produces two pyruvates/glucose

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Glycolysis

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Total ATP's glycolysis produces

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8

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1. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
2. Electron transport yields 3 ATP/NADH

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NADH

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1. Flavin adenine dinucleaotide
2. Electron transport yield 2 ATP/FADH2

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FADH2

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A six carbon molecule that enters the cytosol (which is anaerobic and is oxidized to 2 pyruvate molecules) yielding 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules.

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Glucose

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Each pyruvate is then transported into the mitochondria which is an aerobic environment and.............

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is converted to 2 Acetyl-CoA which yields 2 NADH molecules.

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One Acetyl CoA enters the Kreb cycle at a time. For each turn of the Krebs cycle........

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one Acetyl CoA yields 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 GTP.

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Per 1 mole of glucose the Krebs cycle........

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turns twice yielding 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 2 GTP.

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NADH and FADH2 enter oxidative phosphorylation. NADH yields
3 ATP and FADH2 yields 2 ATP.

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Ox/Phos regenerates NAD and FAD for glycolysis and Krebs Cycle.