Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Monosaccharides of maltose
|
glucose and glucose (alpha 1,4 gluc)
|
|
|
Monosaccharides of sucrose
|
glucose and fructose
gluc alpha(1,2 beta)-fruc |
|
|
Monosaccharides of lactose
|
galactose and glucose
galac beta(1,4 alpha)-gluc |
|
|
What does SGLT1 do?
|
It's a sodium-glucose/galactose cotransporter (integral membrane protein) in the intestinal epithelial cells. It transports two sodiums into the cell along with each glucose molecule.
|
|
|
What does the Na-K ATPase have to do with glucose absorption?
|
It transports 3 Na out of the cell for every 2 K it brings into the cell, powered by hydrolysis of ATP. This keeps the Na concentration inside the cell low, so that SGLT1 can continue to bring glucose in (powered by the sodium gradient)
|
|
|
What is GLUT2?
|
It transports glucose out of intestinal epithelial cells via facilitated diffusion (galactose works the same way)
|
|
|
How does fructose get taken up by intestinal epithelial cells?
|
Facilitated diffusion via GLUT5. It goes into the bloodstream via GLUT2, just like glucose and galactose
|
|
|
Name, in order, the enzymes involved in glycogen synthesis
|
Phosphoglucomutase
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase Glycogen synthase Transferase |
|
|
Describe the process of branch formation in glycogen synthesis
|
It creates alpha-1,6 linkages using a single transferase as an enzyme. It transfers a block of 7 residues, from a chain containing at least 11 residues. Branch points are at least 4 units apart.
|
|
|
What does phosphoglucomutase do?
|
It converts glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate, and vice versa
|
|
|
Name the four steps in glycogenolysis with their enzymes
|
1. Release of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen chains (glycogen phosphorylase)
2. Remodeling of glycogen to permit further degradation (transferase) 3. Conversion of glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate (phosphoglucomutase) 4. Conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to free glucose (in liver only) (glucose-6-phosphatase) |
|
|
Name all the enzymes of glycolysis, in order
|
Hexokinase
Phosphoglucose isomerase Phosphofructokinase Aldolase Triose phosphate isomerase Glyceraldehyde 2-phosphate dehydrogenase Phosphoglycerate kinase Phosphoglycerate mutase Enolase Pyruvate kinase |
