Carbohydrate And Amyloid Stains

Front 1

Periodic acid-Schiff

Back 1

-Periodic acid= oxidizer; Schiff reagent= leuco compound that reacts with aldehydes; sulfurous rinse to remove excess Schiff; Water wash to intensify color; counterstain hematoxylin or light green.
-stains neutral mucopolysaccharides, glycogen, & basement membranes magnenta

Front 2

PAS w/ diastase

Back 2

-used to test the presence of glycogen
-diastase enzymes digest glycogen
-used in comparison with PAS

Front 3

Alcian blue 2.5

Back 3

-presence of copper make AB solution blue
-stains acid mucopolysaccharides
-acetic acid→alcian blue→nuclear fast red (counter)
-acid mucopolysaccharides= blue; background= red to pink

Front 4

Alcian blue 1.0

Back 4

-stains sulfated mucosubstances

Front 5

Colloidal iron

Back 5

-Deposits iron on tissue that binds to mucin. Iron is then stained using Prussian blue.
-stains carboxylated and sulfated mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins
-Acetic acid→Colloidal iron→acetic acid→ferrocyanide-hydrocholoric acic→nuclear fast red(counterstain)
-results: acid mucopolysaccharides= blue; nuclei= red; cytoplasm= pink

Front 6

Alcian blue 2.5 w/ hyaluronidase

Back 6

-differentiates epithelial and connective tissue mucins
-hyaluronidase digests connective tissue mucins

Front 7

Alcian blue-PAS

Back 7

-differentiates btwn neutral & acidic mucosubstances
-acidic mucosubstances stian with alcian blue (blue) and neutral mucosubstances stained by PAS (magenta)
-certain substance will be stained by both and be purple

Front 8

Congo Red

Back 8

-stains amyloid
-green birefringence
-sections cut at 8-10 micrometers
-examination with light & polarizing microscope
-amyloid= deep pink to red; elastic tissue= pale pink; nuclei= blue (Harris hematoxylin)

Front 9

Crystal violet

Back 9

-stains amyloid but not as specific as Congo red
-amyloid= purple-violet; background= blue

Front 10

Thioflavin T

Back 10

-fluorescent method used to detect amyloid
-thioflavin T si a fluorescent dye that attches to amyloid
-examined with fluorescent micrscope

Front 11

Mayer mucicarmine

Back 11

-stains epithelial mucin
-Weigert hematoxylin for nuclear stain; mucicarmine solution for primary stain; metanil yellow for counterstain
-Mucin= deep rose to red; Nuclei= black; Other tissue elements= yellow

Front 12

Toluidine blue

Back 12

-metachromatic dye that functions as both the primary and counterstain.
-mucins & acid mucosubstances= pink to red to purple; background= blue