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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Norman 5 concepts of firefighting
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1.When sufficient manpower isn't available to effect both rescue and extinguishment, rescue must be given priority
2. When you don't have sufficient manpower to perform all needed tasks, first perform those that protect the greatest number of lives. 3. Remove those in greatest danger first 4. When sufficient personnel are available to perform both, they must carry out a coordinated fire attack. 5. When there is not threat to occupants, the lives of firefighters shouldn't be unduly endangered Norman 2-5 |
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Norman sequence of actions
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Locate
Confine (6 directions) Extinquish Let circumstances dictate procedures Norman 5-6 |
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20 minute rule
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If a building (woodframe or brick/wood, not lightweight) has been exposed to fire for 20minutes or more, may be too dangerous to enter
Does not apply to lightweight or Class2 - only 5 minutes to failure Norman 8 |
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Size Up Acronym
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Construction
Occupancy Apparatus/manpower Life Hazard Water supply Aux appliances Street Conditions Weather Exposures Area/Height Location/extent Time Hazmat Norman 8 |
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Life Hazard determined by:
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Time (day, year, season, elapsed)
Occupancy (type, fireload, hazmat Extent Norman 9-11 |
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Firefighter deaths/100,000 fires in vacant vs stores vs residential
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18.1 vs 12.9 vs 3.9
Norman 10 |
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How to estimate length of time at flashover
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No venting = less than 2 minutes
1 or 2 windows = 1-5 minutes, contained to one room windows on 2 floors = >10 minutes OR accelerant Fire through wall = eminent collapse Norman 12 |
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5 implications of construction type
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1. Compartmentation
2. contribution to fire load 3. Hidden voids 4. Collapse resistance 5. Point of overload Norman 15 |
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Class 1
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Fire resistive
noncombustible walls, columns, floors, roofs, partitions Fireproofing applied to steel/concrete Norman 15 |
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Class 2
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Noncombustible
noncombustible walls, columns, floors, roofs, partitions exposed metal floor/roof, metal/masonry walls Least stable for collapse stores, warehouses, factories Norman 16 |
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Class 3
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Ordinary construction
Masonry/noncomb walls with 2hr fire resistance rating floors/roof/partition of wood wood smaller than heavy timber Norman 16 |
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Class 4
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Heavy timber
exterior masonry walls with 2hr fire resistance rating columns, beams, girders >8x8 floors, roofs >3x6 difficult to ignite, stand up better to flame than exposed steel lack voids require large qtys of water norman 17 |
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Class 5
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Wood Frame
walls, floors, roofs wood Norman 17 |
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Determining area of irregular building
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Get early reports from roof level
Can see party walls Can NOT see interconnecting openings, check for extension in all exposures Norman 18 |
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3 trouble locations for fire
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1. Top floors: void spaces, attics, cocklofts
2. Below grade: lack of vent options, all operations on air = limited working time 3. Beyond reach of ladders Norman 18-19 |
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Smoke evaluation:
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1. quickly: location + color + movement
2. any floor w/ smoke = at or above origin 3. floor full of hot smoke, no fire = above fire 4. lots of black at roof = roofing materials 5. black = petroleum 6. Class A = gray/lt brown w/ O2, dark gray/yellow w/o O2 7. heavy, rolling, skyward = extremely hot, intense fire 8. wispy = incipient, extinquisher 9. settling/hanging = cold, sprinkled, hight CO2, use SCBA Norman 19 |
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GPM requirements for 100ft2 of residential/commercial/heavy fire load
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10/20-30/30-50 gpm
Norman 22 |
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Auxillary Appliances
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Standpipes
foam Halon CO2 Drychem Out of Service = extra alarm |
