• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/108

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

108 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What Chilean wine region is closest to Santiago?
Maipo Valley
What are the 5 main D.O.'s of Chile?
Atacama - furthest north, known mainly for pisco production

Coquimbo - Arid, desert like climate. Produces pisco. Cab, Syrah, and Sauvignon Blanc from high altitude (Andes) vineyards.

Aconcagua - Major wine production area.

Central Valley - Most important wine region.

Southern Region (a.k.a. Sur)
What are the 4 geographical features that isolate Chile and help prevent phylloxera?
Atacama desert to the north

Andes Mountains to the east

Pacific Ocean to the west

Antarctic Ocean to the south
What is País?
Chilean name for the mission grape
What is Criolla Chica?
Argentinian name for the mission grape
What is the Humboldt Current?
A cool ocean current running north up the Chilean coastline that has a cooling effect on the vineyards of the central valley
What is the appellation system in Chile?
Denominación de Origen (D.O.)
What type of wood was used in Chile before oak was widely adopted?
Rauli (Beachwood)
True or false:

Chilean wine laws stipulate a minimum of 85% for vintage, region or varietal.
False.

Chilean laws dictates a minimum of 75% however most producers abide by 85% for export into the E.U.
What are the two main mountain regions that affect Chilean viticulture?
The Andes and Coastal ranges.
What was the significance of the Berlin tasting (2004)?
Bordeaux blends from Chile and Bordeaux were compared blind with Chilean producer Errázuriz finishing 1st with 3 of the top 5 wines.

Viñedo Chadwick
Seña
Don Maximiano
Cachapoa and Colchagua are sub regions of what Chilean valley?
Rapel in the Central Valley
What is the main viticultural hazard of Chile according to Evan Saviolidis?
Hail
What is southern Chile becoming known for?
Cool climate varieties, chiefly Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot noir, Chardonnay, and Riesling being grown in Bio Bio and Itata.
How did the vines first arrive to Argentina?
4 ways:
- 1541 from Spain on the south coast
- 1542 seeds from Peru
- 1550 vines from Peru
- 1556 Central Valley of Chile
What was the first vineyard in Argentina?
Santiago del Estero
When was Mendoza founded?
1561
When did San Juan begin producing on a commercial scale?
1568-1589
Which mountain range separates Chile from the rest of the continent?
The Andes Mountains
What desert region of Chile is furthest North?
Atacama.
Elqui, Limari and Choapa are subregions of what Chilean D.O.?
Coquimbo.
Name three subregions of the Aconcagua Valley.
1. Aconcagua Valley
2. Casablanca Valley
3. Leyda Valley
What famous region is within the Valle Central D.O.?
The Maipo Valley.
Which region of Chile is the hottest?
Maipo Valley.
What are the regional DO's of Chile?
Atacama
Coquimbo
Aconcagua,
Valle Central (Central Valley)
Sur (the Southern Regions).
What is Pais known as in Argentina?
Criolla Chica
What is the climate of the Atacama and Coquimbo?
Dry and desert-like, with grapes historically destined for Pisco production or the table
Which region is most suited for quality wine production in Chile?
Valle Central (Central Valley) to the south of Santiago, where the proximity of the Andes cools nighttime temperatures, and along the coast, where the cold, maritime Humboldt Current cools the vines.
What is the Humboldt Current?
An air current in Chile, affecting the Central Valley which forces cool sea air inland through the river valleys through the vineyards during the day
Is it irrigated in Central Valley and Aconcagua?
While neither zone is as dry as the deserts to the north, irrigation is still essential in both.
What varietals is the Maipo Valley associated with?
Bordeaux varietals.
What was a major hindering factor preventing the flourishing of wine production in South America?
Despite promising early origins, South American viticulture suffered under a prohibitive 17th century Spanish law that restricted wine production (unrelated to the Church) in the New World in favor of Iberian producers. While some nascent wine-producing colonies were hindered by Spanish calls to uproot their vineyards, others, such as Chile, did their best to ignore the ban on production.
What two factors had a positive effect of wine production in Argentina in the 19th century?
An influx of European immigration in the 19th century, along with the development of a national rail system, resulted in a rapid expansion of viticulture in Argentina.
Who was Claudio Gay?
In 1830 the Frenchman Claudio Gay set up a Chilean repository of pre-phylloxera Vitis vinifera vines at the University of Chile’s Quinta Normal department. These vine specimens served Chile well; its geographic isolation, due to the Andes, prevented phylloxera from entering the country.
What is Argentina’s most planted grape?
Cereza is Argentina’s most planted grape.
What is Torrontés?
Torrontés is a unique, highly aromatic crossing of Criolla Chica x Muscat of Alexandria.
Name the three subvarieties of Torrontés each named for the region in which it is grown.
Torrontés Riojano, Torrontés Mendocino, and Torrontés Sanjuanino. Torontés Riojano is preferred for quality wines, and Torrontés Mendocino is actually an unrelated crossing of Muscat.
Which cooler Chilean region is know primarily for its Chardonnays, Pinot Noirs and Gewurtz?
The Casablanca Valley.
Which Chilean D.O. produces the most Chardonnay?
Curico Valley.
Name the two prestigious subappellations of the Rapel Valley.
Cachapoal & Cochagua.
What are the three valleys in Chile’s Southern Regions DO (Sur)?
Itata
Bío Bío
Malleco; the southernmost
Where are the majority of vine plantings in Argentina?
The country’s vineyards are mostly confined to the western sector of the country, in the plains and foothills near the Andes, where they experience a continental climate.
What is the Zonda?
The Zonda is a fierce, dusty, hot afternoon wind that blows down from the mountains in the late spring and early summer, sometimes adversely affecting flowering.
How are Argentina's wine regions characterized by climate?
In the rain shadow of the Andes, Argentina’s wine producing regions are very dry.
What is Argentina's climate?
Continental
What are Argentina's most important red grapes?
Malbec
Bonarda
Cabernet Sauvignon
Syrah
Merlot
Tempranillo
What is Argentina's most planted white grape?
Pedro Giménez, a variety unrelated to Spain’s Pedro Ximénez, a blending grape often mainly suitable for bulk wines or grape concentrate
What are the most planted white grape varietals in Argentina?
Pedro Giminez
Torrontes
Chardonnay
Chenin Blanc
When can a wine be labelled "Reserva" in Argentina?
"Reserva" implies a minimum 6 months of aging for white wines and one year for reds
When can a wine be labelled "Gran Reserva" in Argentina?
"Gran Reserva" indicates at least one year for whites and two for reds
Beyond aging requirements, what do the labeling terms "Reserva" and "Gran Reserva" also indicate on a bottle of Argentinian wine?
These two new designations, introduced in 2008, also limit maximum yields.
Which area is gaining more attention for the production of Torrontes?
Salta
What are the common grape varietals found in the province of Catamarca?
Torrontés
Syrah
Malbec
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cuyo comprises which wine making provinces?
Mendoza
La Rioja
San Juan
What is the most famous wine making region in the Famatina Valley?
La Rioja
What are the white and red varietals most planted in La Rioja?
Torrontes
Malbec
What is San Juan's primary production?
Much of this acreage has historically been devoted to Argentina’s pink-skinned varieties, although Syrah and Bonarda—sometimes confusingly called Barbera Bonarda—are capturing critical attention. San Juan’s hot summer climate is ideal for grapes destined for brandy and vermouth production, and the region’s sherry-style wines are reasonably good in quality.
What sub region is home to the highest vineyards in Mendoza?
Uco Valley
What is the most planted grape in Mendoza?
Malbec
What is the principle white grape in the Southern Mendoza?
Chenin Blanc
Does Chilean law pertain to varietals?
Yes. Only permitted varietals may be used, and hybrid grapes are forbidden.
Does Chilean wine law dictate minimum % abv?
Chilean law requires all wines to show a minimum alcohol content of 11.5%.
What do "Reserva", "Reserva Especial", "Reserva Privada” and “Gran Reserva” mean on a bottle of Chilean wine.
Wines labeled “Reserva” and “Reserva Especial” must have a minimum 12% abv, and wines labeled “Reserva Privada” and “Gran Reserva” require a minimum 12.5% abv. In addition, “Reserva Especial” and “Gran Reserva” wines spend mandatory time in oak.
What are the leading grape varieties in Chile?
Leading grape varieties in Chile after Cabernet Sauvignon and País include Merlot, Sauvignon Blanc (and Sauvignon Vert), Chardonnay, Carmenère, Syrah, Sémillon, Pinot Noir, and Cabernet Franc.
Which wine placed ahead of both Lafite and Margaux in the 2004 Berlin tasting?
Errázuriz’s “Seña”, an iconic Bordeaux-style blend and one of the premier reds of Chile, placed ahead of both Château Lafite and Château Margaux in the 2004 Berlin Tasting—a milestone for the Chilean wine industry likened to the famous 1976 Judgment of Paris.
Which region is home to Errázuriz?
The Aconcagua Valley.
Which area of Aconcagua Do is most prominent and what varietals is it known for?
With a relatively short history, Casablanca has become the Aconcagua DO’s most prominent zone of production and one of Chile’s most exciting areas for fresh, crisp and fruity Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay.
What are the two winemaking provinces of Patagonia?
Rio Negro
Neuquén
Which DO is Chile's oldest?
The Central Valley DO, located between the Andes and the hills and ranges along the coast, is Chile’s oldest and most established winemaking region.
Name the subregions of the Central Valley DO from north to south.
From north to south, the DO’s subregions are Maipo Valley, Rapel Valley, Curicó, and Maule Valley.
What is Chile's most famous winemaking area and what grapes is it known for?
The warm Maipo Valley is Chile’s most famous winemaking area, and the classic region in the country for Cabernet Sauvignon. Over 50% of the region’s more than 10,000 hectares are devoted to the grape, followed by Merlot, Chardonnay and Carmenère.
How and when was agriculture made possible in Argentina?
In 1884, massive irrigation projects were undertaken to make agriculture possible - using reservoir systems to hold run-off from the melting snow caps of the Andes.
Following the economic collapse in 2002, what was the key to progress for Argentina?
Foreign investment. Allied with Domecq, Kendall-Jackson, Moet & Chandon, Pernod-Ricard,
Sogrape, Concha y Toro
How is the solar radiation tempered in Argentina?
It is tempered by altitude, some of the vineyards are planted as high as 2400m
True or False:
Argentina suffers from disease and plague.
False. Very few problems with disease exist because of its arid conditions, and the Zonda wind.
What is Argentina's main viticultural hazard?
Hail.
What soil type is found in Argentina?
A mix of alluvial clay, sand and rock with low organic matter.
What are the main red varietals of Argentina?
Malbec
Cab Sauv
Merlot
Bonarda
Tempranillo
Barbera
Tannat
Criolla Chica
What are the main white varietals of Argentina?
Chardonnay
Chenin Blanc
Torrontes
Savignon Blanc
Semillon
Ugni Blanc
What are the wine regions of Argentina?
Valles Calchaquies
- Salts Province
Valles de Catamarca
- Catamarca
Valles de Famatima
- La Rioja
Valle del Tulum
- San Juan
Mendoza
Valles del Rio Negro
- Patagonia
What is the largest viticultural region in Argentina?
Mendoza
Which region of the Rapel Valley is the source of some of Chile's most iconic wines?
Apalta in eastern Colchagua is the source of Casa Lapostolle’s “Clos Apalta” and Viña Montes “Alpha M”, two of Chile’s iconic Bordeaux-style blends. Viña Montes also produces “Purple Angel”, one of Chile’s highest-profile Carmenère varietal wines, from Colchagua fruit.
Which Chilean wine took first place at the 2004 Berlin tasting?
The 2000 “Viñedo Chadwick” took first place in the 2004 Berlin Tasting.
What is the Maule Valley most known for?
Although Cabernet recently overtook País as the region’s most planted grape, bulk wines meant for local consumption still comprise a large share of the Maule Valley’s output.
Which region gained international recognition when Miguel Torres set up shop?
Curicó, with its two subregions of Lontué and Teno, achieved some international recognition when Miguel Torres set up Chilean operations here in the 1970s.
Name the three valleys of the Sur.
Chile’s Southern Regions DO (Sur) contains three valleys: Itata, Bío Bío, and the southernmost Malleco.
What are the most planted grapes in both Itata and Bío Bío?
País and Muscat de Alexandria are the most planted grapes in both Itata and Bío Bío
In 2011, the Chilean Ministry of Agriculture amended wine law to support three new geographic terms. What are they and what is their significance?
Costa, Entre Cordilleras, and Andes. On labels, producers may now append one of the pre-existing DOs with one of these three new appellations, which signify the proximity of a vineyard to the coast ("Costa") or to the mountains. Entre Cordilleras, or "between mountains", describes the valley areas between the coastal range and the Andes, a region in which over three-quarters of Chilean wine grapes are grown. In order for a wine to qualify for one of the new designations, at least 85% of the grapes must be harvested in the appropriate region.
What are the 5 sub regions of Mendoza?
Zona Alta del Rio Mendoza
Region del Este Mendocino
- Eastern Region
Region del Norte Mendocino
- Northern Region
Valle del Uco
Southern Region
What trellising system in historically used in Salta and Catamaraca?
Pergola - to protect against sunburn
What town is known for full bodied, crip aromatic Torrontes in Salta?
Cafayate
How are the reds characterized from Salta and Catamaraca?
Reds have dark colours and tannin, still high in acidity.
What are the two regions of San Juan?
Valle del Tulum
Valle del Pedernal
What is Patagonia best suited to?
It is the southernmost wine region in the world and this small underdeveloped area is suited to:
Semillon, Traminer, Riesling, Chardonnay
Pinot Noir, Merlot, Cab Franc
What is the climate of La Rioja?
Like the rest of Agentina wine geography, the weather is dry, relatively windy with alluvial soils.
What is the oldest wine producing province of Argentina?
La Rioja
True or False.
La Rioja is heavily irrigated.
False. Winemaking is limited because these is no irrigation.
What is the most cultivated grape of La Rioja?
Torrontes
Name major Argentinean producers.
Catena
Trapiche
Norton
Lurton
Clos de Los Siete
Masi
Familia Zuccardi
Flichman
True or False.
Phylloxera is on the rise in Argentina?
True.
What factors contributed to Chile's growth from the 90s onward?
Democracy
New Investment
Cheap labour & land
New research and expansion into cooler areas
Modernization
Trend towards quality wine production
Abandonment of Rauli (beechwood)
What does Chile's dry climate make it a perfect candidate for?
Organic farming.
What is the Elqui Valley notable for?
The Elqui Valley, or the "valley of the stars" is notable for its cloudless days and nights. It's solar radiation is ten times stronger than in Europe.
Which brand new region recognized in 2002 is as close as 2.5 miles from the ocean?
San Antonio. Vina Leyda is a famous wine.
Name the subregions of the Valle Central.
Maipo Valley
Rapel Valley
Curico Valley
Maule Valley
What varietal is Curico best known for?
Chardonnay.
Name 5 traditional Chilean producers.
Errazuriz (1870)
Santa Rita (1814)
Los Vascos (1850s)
Concha y Toro (1883)
Carmen (1850)
Name 5 new Chilean producers.
Almaviva
Perez Cruz
Casa Lapostelle
Cono Sur
Montes
Torres