Capillary Exchange And Venous Return

Front 1

Capillary exchange is a ___ way movement of water and ____ between the blood and tissue fluids across the walls of the capillaries and venules.

Back 1

2
solutes

Front 2

Materials pass thru the vessel wall by _____, transcytosis, filtration, and reabsorption, passing thru intercellular clefts, _______, and the endothelial cell cytoplasm.

Back 2

diffusion
fenestrations

Front 3

Fluid is forced out of the vessel by _____ pressure and the negative hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial space. The force drawing fluid back into the _____is called the colloid _____pressure. The difference between the outward and inward forces is an outward net ______pressure or an inward net absorption pressure.

Back 3

hydrostatic
capillaries
osmotic
filtration

Front 4

Capillaries typically give off fluid at the arterial end, where the relatively ____ blood pressure overrides reabsorption; they reabsorb about 85percent as much fluid at the venous end, where the colloid _____ pressure overrides the lower blood pressure.

Back 4

high
osmotic

Front 5

Capillaries typically give of fluid at the arterial end, where the relatively high blood pressure overrides _____; The force drawing fluid back into the capillaries is ____ osmotic pressure. The difference between the outward and inward forces is an outward net ______ pressure or an inward net reabsorption pressure.

Back 5

reabsorption
colloid
filtration

Front 6

The ____ arteries carry CO2 and nitrogenous waste products from the fetal ____ to the placenta.

Back 6

umbilical
blood

Front 7

The umbilical ____ carries O2 and ____to the fetus.

Back 7

vein
nutrients

Front 8

The ductus _____ is a ____carries blood to the inferior vena cava. Because the fetal lungs are non-functional, half of the blood entering the right atrium is shunted into the left atrium thru a ______ _____.. A fetua also has a ductus arteriosum that allows blood from the right atrium to be diverted to the _____ _____. Both of thes shunts close a few moments after birth. The foramen ovale becomes the fossa ovale. The ductus arteriosum contracts, fills with connective tissue and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum

Back 8

shunt
venosus
foramen ovale
aortic arch

Front 9

Blood in the fetal circulatory system enters the right atrium via the _____ and inferior vena cava. Oxygen rich blood is then pumped to the ____ atrium and into the left ventricle. Blood is later pumped to the functional fetal organs. Eventually, the umbilical arteries carry blood to the maternal _____ where exchange of materials occur via ____ between fetal and maternal blood. The umbilical vein transports blood that is rich in O2 and nutrients to the relatively nonfurnctional liver. Later, the ductus venosus carries blood to the inferior vena cava for its return to the heart.

Back 9

superior
left
placenta
diffusion

Front 10

About 15 percent of the tissue fluid is reabsorbed by the _____ system

Back 10

lymphatic

Front 11

Fluid exchange dynamics vary from place to place in the body. Some capillaries engage solely in _____and some solely in reabsorption and from moment to moment as vasomotion shifts the balance between filtration and ______

Back 11

filtration
absorption

Front 12

Accumulation of excess fluid is _____. It results from increased capilllary _____, reduced reabsorption, or obstructed ______ damage.

Back 12

edema
filtration
lymphatic

Front 13

Venous return the flow of blood back to the heart is driven by the venous ____ pressure gradient, gravity, the _____ muscle pump (aided by valves in the veins of the limbs) the _____ pump, and cardiac suction.

Back 13

blood
skeletal
thoracic

Front 14

Exercise increases venous ____ because the vessels dilate, the thoracic pump, and skeletal pump work more energetically and cardiac ___ is elevated.

Back 14

return
output

Front 15

Inactivity allows blood to accumulate in low points in the body by ____ this is called venous _____. It can result in ____ or fainting if too much blood drains away from the brain.

Back 15

gravity
pooling
syncope

Front 16

Circulatory shock is any state of inadequate ____ output. Its two basic categories are ____ shock and low venous return or LVR shock.

Back 16

cardiac
cardiogenic

Front 17

The main forms of LVR shocks are ______, or low venous return shock, obstructed venous return, and venous _____ shock.

Back 17

hypovolemic
pooling

Front 18

Septic shock and anaphylactic shock combine elements of hypovolemia and ______ _____.

Back 18

low venous pooling

Front 19

Compensated shock is corrected by the body's ______ mechanisms. Decompensated _____ is life threatening, incapable of self-correction and requires clinical intervention.

Back 19

homeostatic
shock