Cap Ear And Eye Disorders

Front 1

Muscles that move the eye

Back 1

Extraocular muscles

Superior & inferior rectus move the eye up and down (elevation and depression)

Medial and lateral rectus move eye toward and away from nose (addiction and abduction)

Superior and inferior oblique muscles rotate around the optic axis

Front 2

Upper and lower eyelids are called

Back 2

Canthus

Front 3

Layers of the eye

Back 3

First : sclera

Middle: uvea (vascular coat of the eye)

The iris

Front 4

What area of the eye provide central vision

Back 4

Macula

Front 5

Light rays bending and changing speed

Back 5

Refraction

Front 6

⭐️The closest pointa person can clearly focus on an object is called

Back 6

Near point. If they have a problem with cataracts, their Nearpoint will be different

Front 7

A primary provider, or doctor of osteopathic medicine with specializes in the medical and surgical treatment of eye diseases, license to diagnose and treat eye disorders and prescribe medication, perform surgery, and prescribe corrective lenses

Back 7

Ophthalmologist

Front 8

An ophthalmologist with advanced training in plastic and reconstructive surgery of the eye

Back 8

Oculoplastic specialist

Front 9

A specialist who tests vision, examine eyes, prescribe corrective lenses, and in some states treat limited eye diseases including prescribing medication

Back 9

Optometrist

Front 10

A specialist who makes eyeglasses or contact lenses based on prescriptions from ophthalmologist and optometrist

Back 10

Optician

Front 11

Drooping upper eyelid

Back 11

Ptosis

Front 12

Proptosis

Back 12

An extended or protruded upper eyelid that delays closing or remains partially open

Front 13

Uncontrolled oscillating movement of the eyeball

Back 13

Nystagmus

Front 14

⭐️ A simple screening tool for determining visual acuity. The ability to see far images clearly, with the chart 20 feet away, the examiner asked the client to cover one eye and identify letters of decreasing size

Back 14

Snellen chart

Front 15

What I charged you use for clients who cannot read or who do not read English

Back 15

A tumbling E chart with fingers

Front 16

How often to get eye exams

Back 16

Every two years if OK, every year if at risk

Front 17

This test assesses the alignment of the eyes. The examiner holds the pen light approximately 12 inches from the clients base and ask the client sarah straightahead. The reflection of the light should be in the same spot on each eye, indicating parallel alignment.

Back 17

Corneal light reflex test

Front 18

This test assesses extraocular muscle function. The examiner asked the client to stare straight ahead and focus on an object in the distance while covering one eye within opaque card. As the eye is covered the examiner observes the uncovered eye for movement.

Back 18

Cover-uncover test

Front 19

This test is done to assess the eye muscle strength and cranial nerve function. Examiner asked the client to focus on an object that is approximately 12 inches away and move the object or six cardinal positions in a clockwise direction. The examiner watches for smooth eye-movement in all six directions

Back 19

Positions test

Front 20

An examination of the fundus or interior of the eye

Back 20

Ophthalmoscopy

Front 21

The use of what and trial lenses determines the focus in power of each eye

Back 21

Retinoscope

Front 22

What measures the intraocular pressure to screen for glaucoma

Back 22

Tonometry

Front 23

What measures peripheral vision and detect gaps in the visual field

Back 23

A visual field examination

Front 24

⭐️ clients with macular problems are initially tested with a _______ _____. It is made up of a ggeometric gridof identical squares with a central fixation point. The examiner instruct the client to stare at the Central fixation point on the grid and report it they see any disorders and of the squares.

Back 24

Amsler grid

Front 25

A binocular microscope that magnifies the surface of the eye

Back 25

Slit lamp

Front 26

What is used to detect vascular changes in blood flow through the retinal vessels

Back 26

Retinal angiography, or fluorescin angiography Sometimes a water soluble dye injected into the peripheral vein

Front 27

An opthalmologic screening tool uses a high retinal imaging stystem to produce a high resolution image of almost the entire retina without having to dilate the pupil

Back 27

Laser scanning

Front 28

What helps maintain balance

Back 28

Inner ear

Front 29

What transmits and amplifies sound (conductive hearing)

Back 29

Outer and middle ear

Front 30

What is the auricle

Back 30

The outer ear

Front 31

What is the pinna

Back 31

The fleshy external projection of the ear (included in the outer ear)

Front 32

What is the external acoustic meatus

Back 32

A 1 inch canal that extends to the tympanic membrane, or eardrum. Included in the outer ear

Front 33

What contains the glands that secrete cerumen

Back 33

The external acoustic meatus

Front 34

⭐️ where is the eustachian tube located, and what is it

Back 34

The eustachian tube is located in the middle ear, do eustachian tube extends from the floor of the middle ear to the pharynx and is lined with mucous membranes. It equalizes air pressure in the middle ear. A chain of three small bones, the malleus, the Incas, and stapes collectively referred to as ossicles, stretches across the middle ear cavity from the tympanic membrane to the oval window.

Front 35

What are the two sensory systems located in the inner ear

Back 35

The auditory, hearing. And vestibular, balance. systems

Front 36

⭐️What provides for hearing within the inner ear

Back 36

The cochlea

Front 37

The sense of equilibrium is also reliant on

Back 37

Vision and stretch receptors in muscles and tendons

Front 38

General method used to assess a client growth auditory acuity

Back 38

The whisper test. The examiner covers the untested here with their palm and stands one to 2 feet from the clients uncovered year they whisper a number phrase and asked the client to repeat it

Front 39

⭐️ nursing assessment of the ear and basic hearing acuity

Back 39

Obtain clients appraisal of their hearing, including whether the client experiences tinnitus. Observe for actions that suggest a hearing problem such as leaning forward, turning the head, or copping a hand to ear to hear better. Document the use of a hearing aid. Ask client about allergies, a history of upper respiratory and middle ear infections, high fevers, or exposure to loud sounds, because all these can cause hearing loss. Inspect external ear for signs of infection, such as swelling redness drainage or evidence of trauma. Shine a pen light into the ear to grossly inspect the ear canal. Straighten the ear canal by gently pulling the ear up and back for an adult and downward and backward for small children. Palpate the areas in front of and behind the ear lobe for tenderness and swelling. Perform a basic hearing acuity test.

Front 40

This examination involves inspecting the external acoustic canal and tympanic membrane using an otoscope.

Back 40

Otoscopic examination

Front 41

An instrument that produces sound in the same range as human speech. It is used to screen for conductive or Senso radio hearing loss. Conductive hearing loss involved interference with the transmission of sound waves to the inner ear. Since a radio hearing loss is the result of nerve impairment.

Back 41

A tuning fork

Front 42

For this test of the tuning fork is struck, placed on the mastoid process behind the ear and held there until the client indicates the sound is no longer heard. Immediately after the still vibrating tuning fork is held beside the year. Normally air conduction beside the ear measures twice as long as bone conduction through the mastoid

Back 42

The Rinne test

Front 43

This test is performed by striking the tuning fork and placing its stem in the middle of the clients skull or center of the forehead a person with normal hearing perceives the sound equally well in both ears.

Back 43

The Weber test

Front 44

This test is used to evaluate a persons ability to sustain balance. The client stand with feet together and both arms extended the client close their eyes. Swaying, losing balance, or arm drifting are abnormal responses

Back 44

The Romberg test

Front 45

The lowest level of sound in normal individuals can perceive

Back 45

20 dB. Painful sounds occur at 120dB.

Front 46

Normal hearing in dB

Back 46

0-15 normal hearing

>15-25 slight hearing loss

>25-40 mild hearing loss

Front 47

Describe Tonometry

Back 47

Measures intraocular pressure, IOP, to screen for glaucoma. Normal IOP is 12 to 22 mmHG

Front 48

This refers to a vision loss level that is defined in order to qualify individuals for specific benefits such as Social Security disability benefits.

Back 48

Legal blindness. Generally this means that the clients better I had a visual acuity of 20/200 or less with the best possible correction.

Front 49

What does it mean when light rays are bed to focus images precisely on the retina

Back 49

Normal vision, emmetropia

Front 50

Myopia

Back 50

Nearsightedness

Front 51

Hyper Opia

Back 51

Farsightedness

Front 52

Presbyopia

Back 52

Associated with aging and resulting in difficulty with near vision

Front 53

⭐️. Astigmatism

Back 53

A visual distortion caused by an irregularly shaped cornea. Many people have both a stigmatism and myopia or hyperopia

Front 54

Longer eyeball equals

Back 54

Shorter vision

Front 55

Myopia occurs in people with

Back 55

Elongated eyeballs

Front 56

⭐️ refractive errors are usually corrected with

Back 56

Eyeglasses or contact lenses. The lenses bend light rays to compensate for The refractive error.

Front 57

Under local anesthesia the eye surgeon reshape the cornea by making incision

Back 57

Incisional radial keratotomy (RK)

Front 58

This procedure is most common surgery for refractive errors. The eye surgeon uses a laser called a femtosecond laser or a surgical blade to create a thin corneal flap which is gently folded back to expose the inner cornea

Back 58

Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)

Front 59

This type of Lasik surgery uses computer imaging technology to create a three dimensional map of the clients cornea which is used to program the Excimer laser for surgery

Back 59

Wavefront guided Lasik

Front 60

What achieves vision corrected beyond what is possible with glasses or conventional LASIK

Back 60

Wavefront guided Lasik

Front 61

This procedure uses an examiner laser to remove the epithelial layer of the cornea

Back 61

Photorefractive keratotomy PRK

Front 62

What surgery sculpt the cornea to correct refractive errors without creating a flap

Back 62

PRK

Front 63

The eye surgeon in Plant B semi circular pieces of plastic or a small infusion in the cornea to correct mild myopia. The implant changes the shape of the cornea

Back 63

Intrastromal corneal ring segments

Front 64

An artificial lens is implanted in place of the clients lens, similar to a cataract surgery

Back 64

Refractive lens exchange RLE

Front 65

This procedure is used only for clients with presbyopia involves the application of heat thermal refraction to the periphery of the cornea to make it tighter and steeper

Back 65

Conductive keratoplasty cK

Front 66

Complications with Lasik

Back 66

Wrinkles in the flap, debris under the flap, a displaced flap, or infection or inflammation of the flap

Front 67

Client teaching of soft contact lenses

Back 67

Rub contact lenses with fingers, then rinse the lenses with solution before soaking them. The rub and rinse method is considered a superior cleaning method

Front 68

Visual acuity required to pass a driving test

Back 68

20/40 in at least one eye

Front 69

BCVA

Back 69

Best corrected visual acuity

Front 70

Low vision is defined as a BCVA of

Back 70

20/70 - 20/200. Blindness is a legal term for a BCVA of 20/200 or less with corrective lenses. The term visually impaired is used to describe a between 20/70 and 20/200 and the better I with the use of corrective lenses.

Front 71

A condition in which all three layers of the eye and vitreous are inflamed, removal of the eye may be necessary. Penetrating trauma can lead to this

Back 71

Endophthalmitis

Front 72

Client and family teaching instilling eye medication’s at home

Back 72

Wash hands thoroughly. Wipe the lids and lashes in a direction away from the nose with a moist and soft gauze pad, paper tissue, or cotton ball use a separate item for each wipe. All the tissue near the cheek downward, forming a sack in the lower lid. Tilt the head slightly backward and toward the inner eye in which the medication is to be installed. Do not allow the tip of the container to touch the eye. Instill the prescribed number of drops into the conjunctiva pocket, or apply a thin ribbon of ointment directly into the conjunctival pocket beginning at the inner corner and moving outward. Close the eye gently. Wipe away excess medication that falls onto the skin. If there is a dressing, secure it to the face with tape and use an eye shield for additional protection, especially at night. Do not rub the eye, and visit and ophthalmologist or return to the emergency department if the eye is not completely comfortable within a short time. Keep a follow up visit to check the condition of the eye and surrounding structures.

Front 73

Commonly called pink eye

Back 73

Conjunctivitis. Because of inflammation of the sub conjunctival blood vessels referred to as hyperemia which makes them more visible and causes redness or pink appearance. Some forms are highly contagious

Front 74

Inflammation of the uveal tract which consists of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.

Back 74

Uveitis

Front 75

Accumulation of pus in the anterior chamber behind the cornea

Back 75

Hypopyon

Front 76

Mydriatic

Back 76

Eye dilating

Front 77

Inflammation of the cornea

Back 77

Keratitis

Front 78

Inflammation of the lid margin, where the eyelashes grow.

Back 78

Blepharitis

Front 79

Inflammation and infection of Zeis or Moll glands ;types of oil glands at the edge of the island

Back 79

Hordeum, or sty

Front 80

Most common causes of pathogen of a stye

Back 80

Staphylococcus aureus

Front 81

A cyst of one or more meibomian glands, A type of sebaceous gland in the inner surface of the eyelid at the junction of the conjunctiva and lid margin

Back 81

Chalazion

Front 82

The breakdown of or damage to the macula, the point on the retina where the light rays converge for the most acute visual perception. The disorder usually occurs in both eyes, but the vision in one eye tends to deteriorate more rapidly

Back 82

Macular degeneration. Affects straightahead vision, gradual onset typically from aging

Front 83

What grade is used to check central vision

Back 83

The Amsler grid

Front 84

What could be described as hypertension in the eye

Back 84

Glaucoma

Front 85

A group of eye disorders caused by an imbalance between the production and drainage of aqueous fluid

Back 85

Glaucoma

Front 86

The leading cause of blindness for people over 60 years old in the United States

Back 86

Glaucoma

Front 87

Most common type of glaucoma

Back 87

Open angle glaucoma. It’s onset is slow and the client may not experience noticeable symptoms for several years

Front 88

What type of glaucoma is less common but the onset is very sudden and immediate recognition and treatment are required to prevent blindness

Back 88

Angle closure glaucoma

Front 89

⭐️miotics

Back 89

Miotics such as Carbachol and pilocarpine constrict the pupil. These medication to pull the iris away from the drainage channel so that the aqueous fluid can escape.

Front 90

What should never be given to a patient with glaucoma

Back 90

Mydriatics

Front 91

Reminders for glaucoma

Back 91

Avoid all drugs that contain atropine. Check with primary provider or pharmacist before using any non-prescription drug, reparations for cold or allergy symptoms may contain atropine like drug. Maintain regular bowel habits, straining at school can raise IOP. Avoid heavy lifting and emotional upset especially crying

Front 92

A condition in which the lens of the eye becomes a pack, one or both eyes may be affected. If both are affected each I may progress differently

Back 92

Cataract. Cataracts form on the lens, which is behind the Iris and the pupil.

Front 93

Symptoms of cataracts

Back 93

One of the earliest symptoms is seeing a halo around lights. Other symptoms include difficulty reading, changes in color vision, colors that look faded or yellow, glaring of objects in bright light, distortion of objects blurred vision poor night vision and double vision in one eye. On inspection a white or gray spot is visible behind the pupil

Front 94

Can cataracts be treated medically or are they surgically removed

Back 94

Cataracts cannot be treated medically, they are surgically removed

Front 95

Most common method for improving vision with a cataract

Back 95

An intraocular lens IOL implant involves insertion of an IOL at the time of cataract surgery. It is the most common method for improving vision. IOLs are inserted behind the iris. Ultrasonography is performed before the surgery to determine the size and prescription of the IOL. A monofocal single vision or multifocal lens is implanted and reduces the need for corrective glasses.

Front 96

The sensory layer becomes separated from the pigmented layer of the retina

Back 96

Retinal detachment

Front 97

Assessment findings for retinal detachment

Back 97

Many clients noticed definite gaps in their vision or Blindspot. They describe the sensation of a curtain being drawn over their field of vision and they often see flashes of light. Seeing spots, cobwebs, or moving particles in one’s field of vision called floaters is common. Complete loss of vision may occur in the affected eye the condition is not painful but clients are usually extremely apprehensive. When the retina is inspected with an ophthalmoscope the tissue appears gray in the detached area

Front 98

Nursing management for clients with retinal detachment

Back 98

Clients are kept on bedrest and sometimes positioned on their side with the affected side of the eye independent position. Until surgery is performed sedation may be ordered. If an air bubble is instilled to promote contact between the retina and sclera, the client is positioned with the face parallel to the floor so that the bubble floats to the posterior of the eye

Front 99

Surgical removal of an eye, it is necessary when I is destroyed by injury or disease when a malignant tumor develops or to relieve pain if the ice is really damaged and sightless

Back 99

Enucleation

Front 100

⭐️Nursing management after enucleation

Back 100

The nurse observes the client after surgery for signs and symptoms of bleeding or infection. The client is usually allowed out of bed the day of surgery. When healing is complete in about 2 to 4 weeks the nurse teaches the client how to insert and remove the prosthetic shell. The prosthesis is typically removed before going to bed and inserted the next morning. The nurse instruct the client to hold the head over a soft surface such as a bed or padded table, when removing or inserting the prosthesis to avoid damage if the prosthetic eye falls. The client should clean the shell after removal and keep it in a safe place where it will not become scratched or broken.

Front 101

Mild hearing impairments cannot hear consonants such as

Back 101

S and F

Front 102

What type of hearing loss occurs from obstructions in the outer or middle ear such as accumulation of cerumen in the external acoustic meatus or disease such as failure of the tiny ear bones to vibrate

Back 102

Conductive hearing loss

Front 103

Involves damage to the inner ear from conditions sensory hair cells or the nerves

Back 103

Sensorineal hearing loss

Front 104

This hearing loss involves been conducted and sensor radio problems involving damage within the outer middle ear in the inner ear or auditory nerve

Back 104

Mixed hearing loss

Front 105

This hearing loss involves injury or damage to the nerves or the nuclei of the central nervous system

Back 105

Central hearing loss

Front 106

Clients with A hearing impairment often have

Back 106

Tinnitus

Front 107

Describe tinnitus

Back 107

Tinnitus is a condition in which the client hears a buzzing, whistling, or ringing noises in one or both ears

Front 108

Risks for hearing loss include the following

Back 108

Family H acts of sensor radial impairment. Congenital malformation of the cranial structure. Use of ototoxic medication e.g. gentamicin loop diuretics. Recurrent ear infections. Bacterial meningitis. Chronic exposure to loud noises. Perforation of the tympanic membrane

Front 109

Hearing loss during what period of life is the most critical period for learning to make sounds

Back 109

The first three years

Front 110

Clients with what type of hearing loss benefit from the use of a hearing aid because the structures that convert sound into energy and facilitate perception of sound in a brain continue to function

Back 110

Conductive hearing loss

Front 111

Describe an infrared hearing system

Back 111

Infrared light waves transmit sound from the television, can be used in homes theaters or classrooms.

Front 112

Describe the induction loop system

Back 112

An induction loop system is installed in the ceiling or floor and connects with the speakers microphone. The client turns the hearing aid to the T ( Telecoil/telephone) and hearing a Tele coil received the electromagnetic signal. The client can adjust the volume of the other hearing aid

Front 113

What device has an external microphone that captures incoming sounds as well as external sound processor and planted behind the ear that captures the sound converts it to digital signals and send them to an internal implant

Back 113

Cochlear implant

Front 114

⭐️Impacted cerumen is common among people who have excessive thick or dry cerumen that interferes with what

Back 114

The trap cerumen interferes with the transmission of sounds carried on airwaves

Front 115

⭐️Nursing management for impacted cerumen

Back 115

Your drops can be warmed by holding the container in the hand for a few moments or placing it in the water warm. Teach clients not to clean the external auditory canal with objects such as cotton tip swabs or toothpicks because it is traumatic to the surface and can harm the tympanic membrane.

Front 116

Otitis media is

Back 116

An acute inflammation or infection in the middle ear. The middle ear leads to the eustachian tube, which leads to the sinuses. Per Julen otitis media results from the spread of micro organisms from the eustachian tube to the middle ear during upper respiratory infection. Pathogens that are unresponsive to antibiotic fear therapy can spread, causing mastoiditis, or they travel deeper in the inner ear causing labyrinthitis, they can also travel to the meninges causing meningitis.

Front 117

What is a myringotomy or tympanotomy

Back 117

An incisional opening of the tympanic membrane. Plastic surgery, my Ringo plasty, is usually successful in repairing the perforated tympanic membrane.

Front 118

What is the result of the bony overgrowth of the stapes in a common cause of hearing impairment among adults, fixation of the stapes occurs gradually over many years

Back 118

Otosclerosis

Front 119

Assessment findings for a otoslerosis

Back 119

A progressive bilateral loss of hearing is the most characteristic symptom. The client notices the hearing loss when it begins to interfere with the ability to follow conversation. There is a particular difficulty hearing others when they speak in a soft low tone but hearing is adequate when the sound is loud enough. Tinnitus appears as the loss of hearing progresses. It is especially noticeable at night, when surroundings are quiet, and can be distressing to the client.

Front 120

What is the sensation of movement when there is none, or a sense of exaggerated movement when moving

Back 120

Vertigo

Front 121

Is vertigo a disease

Back 121

Vertigo is not a disease, but a symptom of a disease

Front 122

Define objective and subjective vertigo

Back 122

Objective vertigo in which a person is stationary and the environment is moving

Subjective vertigo when a person feels motion but the surrounding environment is stationary

Front 123

People with vertigo are likely to have a peripheral vestibular disorder such as

Back 123

Ménière’s disease, or a benign peristomal positional vertigo BPPV

Front 124

What involves brief periods of severe vertigo when the clients move their heads

Back 124

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Front 125

Also referred to as endolymphatic hyper drops, a disorder characterized by fluctuations in the fluid volume and pressure in the endolymphatic sac of the inner ear

Back 125

Ménière’s disease.

Increased production of endolymph and decreased production of perilymph

Front 126

⭐️ assessment findings of Ménière’s disease

Back 126

The *onset of Ménière’s disease may be sudden*, and symptoms may occur daily or in frequently. Vertigo is the most incapacitating symptoms, clients report whirling dizziness and the need to lie down severe vertigo causes nausea and vomiting. Typically clients who experience tinnitus and hearing loss that last for several hours as well as headaches and abdominal discomfort. Nystagmus of the eyes may result from imbalance in vestibular control of IV movements.

Front 127

⭐️ what describes the detrimental effect of certain medication’s on the eighth cranial nerve or hearing structures

Back 127

Ototoxicity

Front 128

Also known as vestibular swan Irma, a benign Schwann cell tumor that progressively enlarges and adversely affects cranial nerve eight

Back 128

Acoustic neuroma