C.a&p Ch3 - Chest Wall. Chest Cavity, Lungs, And Pleural Cavities

Front 1

Chest Wall

Back 1

The chest wall is formed by the sternum, ribs, and the costal cartilages.

Front 2

The Sternum

Back 2

Divided into:
-Manubrium sterni
-body of sternum
-Xiphoied process

Front 3

The Manubrium

Back 3

-articulates with the body of the sternum at the manubriosternal joint

-articulates with clavicles, first and upper part of second costal cartilages

-opposite of third and forth thoracic vertebrae

Front 4

Body of sternum

Back 4

-articulates above with manubrium at the manubriosternal joint.

-articulates below with the xyphoid process at the xiphisternal joint

-articulates at sides with the second to seventh costal cartilages

Front 5

Xiphoid process

Back 5

-thin plate of cartilage that becomes ossified during adulthood

-No ribs or costal cartilages attached to it

Front 6

True Ribs

Back 6

Upper seven pairs attached anteriorly to sternum by costal cartilages

Front 7

False Ribs

Back 7

8th, 9th and 10th pair of ribs. Attached anteriorly to each other and to 7th rib by means of their costal cartilage & synovial joints.

Front 8

Floating Ribs

Back 8

11th and 12th pairs. No anterior attachment.

Front 9

Parts of Rib

Back 9

head, neck, tubercle, shaft, angle, costal groove (inferior border accomodates intercostal vessels and nerve).

Front 10

First rib (Atipical)

Back 10

-scalenus anterior muscle attached to upper surface and inner border.

-anterior to scalenus anterior, the subclavian vein crosses the rib

-posterior to muscle attachment, the subclavian artery and lower trunk of the bachial plexus cross rib and lie in contact to bone

Front 11

Costal cartilage

Back 11

-bars of cartilage connecting the upper 7 ribs to the lateral edge of sternum

-costal cartilage contribute to the elasticity and mobility of the thoracic walls

Front 12

JOINTS OF THE CHEST WALL
Joints of Sternum

Back 12

Manubriosternal join - catilaginous join between manubrium and body of the sternum; sm. amount of angular movement during respiration.

Xiphisternal joint, cartilaginous joint b/w xyphoid process and body of sternum. XP fuses with body of sternum during old age

Front 13

JOINTS OF THE CHEST WALL
Joints of the Heads of ribs

Back 13

2nd - 9th ribs, head articulates by a synovial joint with corresponding vertebral body and that of vertebra above it.

Strong intra-articular ligament connects the head to the intervertebral disc.

The heads of 1st rib and lowest 3 ribs have single sunovial joint with their correstponding vertebral body

Front 14

JOINTS OF THE CHEST WALL
Joints of the Tubercles of the Ribs

Back 14

-tubercles of rib articulates by means of a synovial joint with the transverse process of the corresponding vertebral body.

-Joint is absent on 11th and 12th rib

Front 15

JOINTS OF THE CHEST WALL
Joints of ribs and costal cartilages

Back 15

Joints are cartilaginous joints. No movement possible

Front 16

JOINTS OF THE CHEST WALL
Joints of the Costal Cartilages with the Sternum

Back 16

-1st costal cartilges articulate with manubrium by cartilaginous joints (no movement)

-2nd - 7th costal cartilages articulate w/ lat. border of sternum by synovial joints.

-6th -10th costal cartilages articulate with one another along their borders by small synovial joints

- cartilages of 11th and 12th are embedded in abdominal musculature.

Front 17

THORACIC OUTLET

Back 17

Communicates chest cavity with the root of the neck.

Important vessels and nerves emerge from the thorax, to enter the neck & upper limbs.

Through this small opening pass the esophagus and trachea and many vessels and nerves.

Front 18

INTERCOSTAL SPACES
(spaces b/w the ribs)

Back 18

-external intercostal m.

-internal intercostal m.

-innermost intercostal m. (lined internally by endothoracic fascia)

-Intercostal nerves and vessels (VAN). Intercostal vein, artery and nerve.

Front 19

INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES
External Intercostal Muscle

Back 19

Superficial layer, extends forward to the costal cartilage, replaced by the anterior intercostal mem.

Front 20

INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES
Internal intercostal muscle

Back 20

Intermediate layer, fibers directed downward and backward. replaced by the posterior intercostal mem.

Front 21

INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES
Innermost intercostal muscle

Back 21

forms deepest layer and corresponds to the transversus abdominis m. in ant. abdominal wall.

Front 22

Intercostal Arteries and Veins

Back 22

posterior intercostal arteries and anterior intercostal arteries.

give off branches to the muscles, skin and parietal pleura.

Posterior intercostal veins drain backward into the azygos and hemiazugos veins

Anterior intercostal veins drain forward into internal thoracic and muscolophrenic veins

Front 23

Intercostal Nerves

Back 23

IC Nerves are the anterior rami of the first 11 thoracic spinal nerves

The anterior ramus of 12th thoracic nerve lies in the abdomen (subcostal nerve)