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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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buccal-opercular pump
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mouth opens, buccal chamber expands (floor of mouth drops), H2O in BUT opercular valve closed
mouth closes, buccal chamber contracts (floor of mouth rises), opercular valve opens, H2O moves over gills and out pump integration permits continuous unidirectional flow |
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Ram ventilation
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high speed swimming with mouth open
H20 in through mouth, over gills and out via operculum |
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ventilation rate
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(VO2 = mg O2/kg/hr or equivqlent) depends on PO2 and activity level
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What type of exchange occurs in gills?
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counter-current; H2O flows over gills in opposite direction of blood flowing in gill filaments
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afferent vessels
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low O2 blood from body to gills
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efferent vessels
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high O2 blood from gills to body
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what are air breathing fish associated with?
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vascularized portion of alimentary canal, gill chamber, or swim bladder (normally closed)
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what respiratory organ do adult amphibians have?
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small highly vascularized unicameral (single chamber) lungs (no tube system)
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What mechanism do amphibians especially frogs use for respiration?
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Baccopharyngeal pumping: positive pressure ventilation
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breathing in mammals
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- elaborate lungs with tidal exchange to circulatory system
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conducting airways
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trachea -> bronchioles
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respiratory airways
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only smallest bronchiole tubes and alveoli involved in gas exchange
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ventilation control
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chemosensation
- CO2 & H+ -> sensory areas of medulla oblongata -> negative feedback |
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breathing in birds
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primary bronchus passes through lung (mesobronchus)
mesobronchus -> 2 secondary bronchus -> parabronchi parabronchi -> fine branching air capillaries surrounded by capillary blood vessels -> site of gas exchange |
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echinoderms respiratory organs
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branchial papulae and tube feet
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polychaetes respiratory organs
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oral tentacles and simple gill tufts
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What type of gas exchange to mollusks have?
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countercurrent exchange
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cephalopods
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no cilia -> contraction of muscular mantle moves H2O over gills via funnel
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pulmonates
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no gills; vascularized mantle cavity = simple lung via pneumostome
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scaphognathite
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leaf-like appendage to set up H2O motion; found in decapod crustaceans
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What kind of exchange do decapod crustaceans have?
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unidirectional flow with crosscurrent exchange
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insect respiration
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fluid in tracheoles permits O2 diffusion into cells
muscular contractions of body -> air sacs act as bellows |
