Canon

Front 1

he mentions experimentation with codex in literary and publishing circles, but doesn't seem to have taken off

Back 1

Martial (1st cent.)

Front 2

by this time more than half of surviving 'pagan' texts from the period are on codices

Back 2

first half of fourth century

Front 3

he mentions Constantine commissioning how many bibles?

Back 3

Eusebius - 50

Front 4

full bibles very rare during

Back 4

first millenium

Front 5

some relevant events/issues for formation of canon

Back 5

-Marcion's mini-canon (10 Paulline letters, and shorter Lk)
-Melito's distinction (2nd cent.)of 'old' and 'new' covenant writings (according to Origen)
-Origen's list (according to Eusebius) and hexapla
-Eusebius' mention of disputed works, copying mega-codices for Constantine

Front 6

Kraft's thesis

Back 6

Once it became possible to produce and view 'the Bible' under one set of physical covers, the concept of 'canon' became concretized in a new way that shapes our thinking to the present day and makes it very difficult for us to recapture the perspective of earlier times. "The Canon" is in this sense the product of 4th century technological developments. Before that, things were less 'fixed' and perceptions, accordingly, less concrete.

Front 7

Bad p/s assumptions (about figuring out canon)

Back 7

-if ancient authors cited a NT writing, they must have considered it as scripture
-if one author considered a text 'scripture' then everyone in the author's general area did
compilation of all the citations, quotations, or allusions to biblical literature by an ancient author constitute that writer's biblical canon.

Front 8

the term canon wasn't regularly used to refer to a closed collection of scripture until David Ruhnken used it in

Back 8

1768

Front 9

No clear evidence for three-fold division of OT before

Back 9

2nd century CE

Front 10

Rabbis on canon

Back 10

B.Baba Bathra 14b-15a, give a 3 fold division and list which matches the canon that was finally recognized in Jism.
Doesn't speak of canon, only of texts that make the hands unclearn

Front 11

Process of closing the Hebrew Bible canon began during

Back 11

the second century and continued into the beginning of the 3rd by Rabbis (but even this evidence comes from Bavli)

Front 12

Melito (180 ce)

Back 12

Eusebius says that he was the first Christian to give a complete list of the OT (but he calls them law and the prophets);
supposedly made a special trip to the East in order to figure this out.
Esther is missing, the order is slightly off, but the list is basically what we have

Front 13

Sinaiticus; Vaticanus, Alexandrinus

Back 13

all include "other" stuff

Front 14

Catholics don't set limit on Ot until

Back 14

Council of Trent (1546)

Front 15

over the __ century, a growing tendency to transfer the recognition given to J as found in the gospels to the gospels themselves

Back 15

2nd

Front 16

Paul starts to be quoted with scripture-like-authority by

Back 16

post-Justin people, Irenaeus, Athenagoras, Theophilus of Antioch

Front 17

Justin

Back 17

didn't use Paul, insist OT is a Christian book
Law = divine ordinances given by God because of Israel disobedience--it is intended soley for Js as punishment for their sins (including Temple, diet, ritual purity, etc)
-mentions 'memoirs of the apostles'
seems to quote from Mk and Lk
-usually just says, 'X taught/said X'

Front 18

Irenaeus

Back 18

defends OT as script
his canon was the rule of faith
first to refer to 'OT' and 'NT'
never gives a list, but does argue for 4-fold gospel canon

Front 19

Church councils only start work on deciding scope of NT in

Back 19

in 2nd half of 4th century

Front 20

in __, __ demands that Christian churches be destroyed and sacred scripture burned

Back 20

Diocletian, 303

Front 21

Sum of MacDonald

Back 21

-primary authority of earliest Christians was words of JC, sayings of JC eventually become written down
-in 2nd cent., 4-gospels become important, Paul's letters also gain importance
-Marcion creates a canon in order to leave out Jism
-Justin, defends OT, and says that the church regularly uses the 'memoirs' of the apostles in worship alongside OT
-Irenaeus, first to talk about OT and NT; has a closed OT canon, but not rest of NT
-C may have played a decisive role both by promoting unity and in his sponsoring of the publication of bibles.

Front 22

most ancient lists come after

Back 22

first half of 4th cent.; although some p/s wants to date to 2nd cent.
Eusebius the first to produce a list of NT script, but he has a lot of vagueness about seven of them
-Origen has a good canonical list, but our only source for this is Eusebius
Muratorian fragment is controversial (late second cent.? or mid-fourth?)-a pretty decent canon list

Front 23

first time have our 27 book list in

Back 23

Athanasius festal 39th festal letter in 367.

Front 24

notion of a closed canon only starts to appear in __ cent., but ever here this is disagreement; e.g., Diatesseron used until 400 in Syria.

Back 24

4th cent.

Front 25

by last quarter of ___ cent, 4 Gospels and Paul emerge as scripture equivalent to OT, but there isn't a closed canon

Back 25

2nd

Front 26

Eusebius

Back 26

seems to be the first to draw up a closed list of NT texts (quickly followed by others in East and West)

Front 27

with the possible exception of ___ and ___, Christian OT canon only begin to appear in __ cent.

Back 27

Melito and Origen; 4th.