Canine Toxic

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Melamine/ cyanuric acid-induced renal failure in dogs

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·     Kidneys greenish in color with greenish uroliths in renal pelvis or bladder

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·     Histo- crystals with pinwheel radiating striations in distal tubular segments

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·     Crystals = melamine, cyanuric acid, and ammelide

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Char of melamine-containing and calcium oxalate crystals in dogs with nephrotoxicosis

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·     Acute tubular degen and necrosis with w/ many intratubular birefringent crystals, LPC interstitial nephritis

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·     Crystals stained w/ ORO72h but not alizarin red S or von kossa. Consistent with plastic or lipid. – melamine containing crystals

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·     Calcium oxalate crystals also present

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Renal failure assoc w/ melamine and cyanuric acid in dogs and cats

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·     Uremia, anorexia, vomiting, lethargy, polyuria, Azotemia, hyperphosphatemia

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·     Distal tubules affected with crystals and in collecting ducts

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·     Prox tubules unaffected

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·     AFIP WSC 05jan12 conf 12 case III

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Aflatoxicosis in dogs after contaminated dog food exposure

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·     Hepatic lipidosis, portal fibroplasia, biliary hyperplasia

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·     EM: hepatocellular lipid vacuolation and early fibroplasias in dogs w/ acute hepatopathy and marked fibrosis and regen if chronic

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·     Aflatoxin B1

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Features of dogs that consumed aflatoxins

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·     Anorexia, lethargy, V/D (melena, hematochezia), jaundice, abd effusion, peripheral edema, terminal encephalopathy and hemorrhagic diathesis

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·     Coagulopathic and electrolyte disturbances, hypoprotenemia, increased liver enzymes, and bili and decreased chol

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·     Hepatocellular vacuolation

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·     Granular cylinduria predicts death

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·     Early markers = decreased plasma activities of ATIII, prot c and lo chol

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K9 renal path assoc w/ grape / raisin ingestion

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·     Degen / necrosis of prox renal tubules- BM remains intact. +/- epith regen

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·     Mineralized tubular debris or granular to protein casts

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·     Golden brown glob intracellular pigment

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·     Mild Ca:P ratio elevation

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·     Increased BUN, Cr, phosphorus, Ca, +/- oliguria / anuria

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Histo capecitabine corneal tox

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·     Mf erosions, superficial corneal pigmentation and corneal neovascularization

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·     Neovasc and infl of anterior corneal stroma and abn basal cell morph, disorganization, thinning and pigment of corneal epith

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Liver histo and alt and alp in epileptic dogs rec Phenobarbital

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·     Subclinical liver injury

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·     Histo= more freq and alt d/t phenobarb severe abn in tx dogs compared to coalP or controls

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·     No induction of

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Oleic acid assoc bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneum in beagles

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·     Bronchiolitis obliterans and bronchopneum

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·     Mf to coalescing necrosis of bronchioles and adj alveoli, hemorrhage, infl, and fibrin exudation

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·     Hyperplasia of bronchiolar and alveolar epith cells and prolif of loose fibrovasc CT formed polyps or plugs of variable size and shape- variable effaced bronchioles and adjacent alveoli

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·     Oleic acid injures pulmonary vasc endoth and damages alveolocapillary barrier > prot leakage and edema

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Path and tox findings for dogs deployed on 9/11

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·     Do not suffer higher mortality or increased pulm dz

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Dx of anatoxin-a pois in dogs

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·     Prod by blue-green algae = neurotoxin

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·     Muscle fasciculations, seizures, collapse, cyanosis, death

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Acute hepatic failure and coagulopathy assoc with xylitol ingestion in dogs

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·     Increased liver enzymes, bili, P, clotting times

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·     Decreased glu, plt

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·     Vomiting and lethargy, petechia, ecchymoses

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·     Severe hepatic necrosis or hepatocyte loss or atrophy with lobular collapse

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·     Xylitol caused hypoglycemia in dogs

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Zn intox in dogs

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·     Vomit, pigmenturia, anemia, hyperbili, hemolytic anemia

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·     Zn intox may cause hemolytic anemia, pancreatitis, acute renal failure, GI dysfxn

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Retinopathy assoc w/ ivermectin tox

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·     Mf retinal edema and folds w/ lo-lying retinal separation

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Admin of miltefosine and meglumine antimoniate in healthy dogs – clin path and impact on kidney

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·     In leishmania, kidneys are affected in nearly 100% dogs

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·     No lesions in miltefosine – tx dogs

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·     All meglumine atimoniate – tx dogs had severe tubular dmg – tubular cell necrosis and apoptosis