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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the internal parasites in Canines?
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Roundworm
Hookworm whipworms tapeworms Heartworms |
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What are the external parasites in Canines?
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Fleas
Ticks -Lyme Disease Ear mites Mange mites |
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What is a parasite?
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Organism that lives in or on a second organism, called a host, usually causing it some harm,
dependent on the host for some or all their nourishment |
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What are roundworms?
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roundworms are internal parasites.
are transmissible to humans by * ingestion of dirt contaminated with dog feces or direct penetration of the skin * can cause blindness in humans because larva wanders through body and can get into the eyes. * if larva gets into Central Nervous System (CNS) can cause mental retardation |
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what else about roundworms....
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survey shows estimated 7-31% of residential backyards and sandboxes are contaminated with roundworm eggs
estimated 20% of adult/mature dogs are infected and 98% of puppies. ** eggs have a protective layer and can survive in the soil for years **elimination from the enviroment is impossible |
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How can you reduce Roundworm infestation?
What can you do? |
* you can reduce the rate of infestation by treatment
* you can dispose feces properly(by burning or placing in garbage) * you can limit the area or designate one area where dog/cat will defecate away from humans * you educate people of dangers and wash hands |
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What are hookworms?
What do they do? How do you get them? |
*Hookworms are an internal parasite
*they attach to the intestine and suck blood *eggs develop outside the body in warm, wet areas * infective larva them may be swallowed or penetrate through the skin and migrate to the intestine * can cause anemia, especially in pups * in humans, can cause mild diarrhea or cramps in people(1 billion are infected wrldwide) |
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How do puppies get roundworms?
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Puppies are can be born with microscopically small roundworm larvae in their tissue transfered by their mother(bitch) which migrated through her tissue and through her uterus
* roundworms cause potbellies in puppies * infestation can also be transmitted through mothers milk *you can give treatment Antihelmintic at 2,4,6, and 8 weeks of age |
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How can you reduce Roundworm infestation?
What can you do? |
* you can reduce the rate of infestation by treatment
* you can dispose feces properly(by burning or placing in garbage) * you can limit the area or designate one area where dog/cat will defecate away from humans * you educate people of dangers and wash hands |
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What are hookworms?
What do they do? How do you get them? |
*Hookworms are an internal parasite
*they attach to the intestine and suck blood *eggs develop outside the body in warm, wet areas * infective larva them may be swallowed or penetrate through the skin and migrate to the intestine * can cause anemia, especially in pups * in humans, can cause mild diarrhea or cramps in people(1 billion are infected wrldwide) |
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How do puppies get roundworms?
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Puppies are can be born with microscopically small roundworm larvae in their tissue transfered by their mother(bitch) which migrated through her tissue and through her uterus
* roundworms cause potbellies in puppies * infestation can also be transmitted through mothers milk *you can give treatment Antihelmintic at 2,4,6, and 8 weeks of age |
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Which internal parasite is the most common for canines?
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Whipworm
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what are WHIPWORMS?
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*whipworms are internal parasites
* they look like tiny thread, so small they may not be seen in stool *they are usually found in the lower GI tract(large intestine and cecum) *not usually a big problem but may cause abdominal upset, diarrhea(sometime bloody), and anemia * you may need to treat several times * no effective way to kill WW eggs in soil, eggs don't hatch unless swallowed by host *they are the most common in dogs, 1 in 7 dogs |
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what are TAPEWORMS?
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*Intestinal parasites of vertebrates
*Acquired by ingestion *When humans are the definitive host, there is usually no pathology *When humans are indirect host, there is severe pathology *eggs look like rice in the feces |
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How are tapeworms passed onto to dogs?
to humans? |
*Commonly infected by ingesting fleas (while grooming)
*Taenia pisiformis can be transmitted by dogs eating infected rodents or rabbits (or their feces) *A few can infect humans when eggs are passed from dog to human *Rare but can cause liver disease in humans *Don’t usually cause illness in dogs or cats |
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When and Why did they sell Tapeworms to the public?
What was the miracle cure? |
-Marketed in the U.S. between 1900-1920
-Tapeworms secrete a substance that slows the intestines down to give the host (and parasite) more time for nutrient absorption so no real effect -people were sold on the fact that it was a "fat" reducer |
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What are heartworms?
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*internal parasite
*Heartworms are large worms that live in the hearts of dogs and cats. They are also found in other species; including ferrets, foxes, wolves, and horses. * Dogs are the common host for this parasite -Heartworms cannot be spread animal-to-animal -heartworms need a mosquito to complete their life cycle. |
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What is the cycle of Heartworms?
How are dogs infected with Heartworms? |
Interesting life cycle
from Mosquito to dog/Cat * A mosquito bites a heartworm-infected animal. * The mosquito is then carrying microscopic versions of the heartworm, called microfilariae. * When the mosquito bites another dog or cat, that animal is now infected with the heartworm microfilariae. ** it might take up to three bites of a mosquito for dog/cat to be infected ***Within 70 to 90 days, the microfilariae have made it through the tissues to the animal's heart, where they reproduce (providing both male and female worms are present) and live for several years. If both sexes of worms are present, they will be producing their own little microfilariae within 6 - 7 months after that mosquito bite. # The cycle continues. |
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How do you prevent heartworms?
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You can treat with monthly pills which is the most common method (Ivermectin)
-You can treat either year-round or during“mosquito danger” months - you should test annually even if you use year-round treatments -Make sure the dog actually ingests the pills *Six-month injection is also available (Moxidectin) |
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If you pet is infected with Heartworms,can your pet be treated?
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Yes,however the best defense against heartworms is prevention
-treatment can be dangerous and expensive, treatment is in the form of arsenic to kill the worms. Dead worms must be broken down and cleared from the dogs system |
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What doe the prevention treatment of heartworms do?
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Prevention treatment kills larvae in the bloodstream.
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What is the life of the flea?
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There are many hundreds of species of fleas.
The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felix, is the most common -found and may infests cats, dogs, humans, and other mammalian and avian hosts. -Fleas thrive in warm, moist environments and climates. - The main flea food is blood from the host animal -Fleas suck blood for reproduction, adults are the only parasitic stage -Fleas lay on animal, but many fall off into environment -Fleas do not use humans as host but will bite if there are no other hosts available |
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Why do dogs get an allergic reaction to fleas?
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Flea saliva, like other biting skin parasites, contains an ingredient that softens, or "digests" the host's skin for easier penetration and feeding. The saliva of fleas is irritating and allergenic -- the cause of all the itching, scratching,
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What is the cycle of fleas?
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Fleas have four main stages in their life cycle: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The total flea life cycle can range from a couple weeks to several months, depending on environmental conditions.
-Adult fleas can not survive without a blood meal but can hibernate without food -Larvae do not suck blood -Larval stages can survive the winter |
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How can you control or treat a flea infestation?
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Breaking the cycle with an insect growth regulator instead of just killing the few adults is the key to control
-Simultaneous treatment of all pets, AND environment (indoor and outdoor, if possible) -Limit contact with all other animals -Repeat treatment multiple times as more hatch because treatment will not kill eggs Treatment only kills adult fleas |
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What are some of the old treatments used for getting rid of fleas?
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-a good shampooing
Use dip, powder, or spray -Vacuum all areas and discard bag afterward -Spray with a combination treatment of insecticide for adults and growth regulator for young - Flea collars only work in the area the collar lays |
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What are some of the new treatments?
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-Oral treatment given monthly
-Topical treatment: “spot on” or spray (usually monthly) -Interrupt is an even newer treatment ****Granules are mixed with water Solution with nematodes(eats larvae and flea eggs) is applied to lawn Nematodes eat flea larva and pupae Applied every 4-6 weeks |
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What are fleas?
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-External parasite
-A blood-sucking parasite, which feeds on animals, can bite humans and is capable of jumping from 14 to 16 inches. Female fleas begin laying eggs within 48 hours of their first blood meal and can lay as many as 200 eggs in a matter of days. |
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What is Lyme Disease? How can you get it?
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Lyme Disease - A disease caused by a bacterium (Borellia burgdorferi) and transmitted by the bite of an infected Deer Tick. Early symptoms can include but are not necessarily restricted to a slowly expanding red rash(like a bulls eye)and flu-like symptoms such as fatigue, slight fever and swollen glands. Advanced symptoms include arthritis, irregular heartbeat, severe headaches and loss of sensation.
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Is lyme disease treatable?
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Yes, Lyme disease is treatable with antibiotics, but difficult
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What is the problem with ticks?
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Can cause anemia, skin disease from improper removal, or infest ear canal
Biggest problem is that they carry other diseases such as: ***Lyme disease and other such as: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Ehrlichiosis (enters WBCs, destroys platelets) Canine babesiosis (malaria-like symptoms in humans) Tick paralysis (from neurotoxins when attached at base of skull, can be misdiagnosed as polio in humans) Biggest problem is LYME Disease |
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What are ticks?
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External Parasites
Ticks are a blood-sucking creature related to spiders. The type of tick that bothers dogs and cats are "three-host ticks", feeding on different animals during their life cycle. When they bite a pet, ticks engorge themselves with blood. When full, they can live for months without food |
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What are ear mites?
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Mites: crablike parasite
Ear mites infect external ear canal dogs and cats and cause inflammation, thick red-brown discharge and may go to rump Scratch ear and head frantically Diagnosis by microscopic examination of discharge Life cycle entirely in ear |
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Where do tapeworms live?
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Tapeworms live in the intestines of the host.
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