Canine Muscles Of The Thoracic Limb Attachments

Front 1

extensor carpi radialis

Back 1

lateral supracondylar crest

dorsal surfaces of base of metacarpals II and III

Hint 1

extends the carpus

Front 2

superficial pectoral

Back 2

first 2 or 3 sternebrae

crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Hint 2

adducts the limb (non weight bearing)

prevents the limb from being abducted (weight bearing)

Front 3

cutaneous trunci

Back 3

superficial fascia of the trunk and the skin

Hint 3

twitch reflex

Front 4

platysma

Back 4

overlies the head and neck area

Hint 4

facial expression

Front 5

omotransversarius

Back 5

transverse wing of the atlas

spine of scapula

Hint 5

advance limb, flex neck laterally

Front 6

sternocephalicus

Back 6

first sternebra

head

Hint 6

unilaterally draws head and neck to side, bilaterally draws neck ventrally (ventroflexion)

Front 7

sternohyoideus

Back 7

first sterebra/first costal cartilage

basihyoid bone

Hint 7

pulls tongue and larynx caudally

Front 8

sternothyroideus

Back 8

first costal cartilage

caudolateral surface of thyroid cartilage

Hint 8

pulls tongue and larynx caudally

Front 9

pronator teres

Back 9

medial epicondyle

medial border of radius

Hint 9

pronate forearm, minor action to flex the elbow

Front 10

pronator quatratus

Back 10

fills space between radius and ulna

Hint 10

pronates the paw

Front 11

abductor pollicus longus

Back 11

body of ulna

end of metacarpal I

Hint 11

abduct the pollex; very minor action to extend carpus

Front 12

serratus ventralis

Back 12

last 5 cervical vertebrae, 1st 7-8 ribs

serrated face of scapula

Hint 12

support trunk against force of gravity

Front 13

rhomboideus

Back 13

head, neck, spinous processes of first thoracic vertebrae

dorsal border of scapula

Hint 13

elevate forelimb and draw scapula against trunk

Front 14

trapezius

Back 14

median raphe of neck and the supraspinous ligament

spine of scapula

Hint 14

abducts and elevates the forelimb

Front 15

lateral digital extensor

Back 15

lateral epicondyle

proximal end of all phalanges of digits III, IV, V

Hint 15

extends carpus and joints of digits III, IV, V

Front 16

anconeus

Back 16

lateral supracondylar crest and lateral and medial epicondyles

lateral surface of proximal end of ulna

Hint 16

proprioception, minor action to extend the elbow

Front 17

common digital extensor

Back 17

lateral epicondyle

extensor processes of distal phalanges of digits II, III, IV, V

Hint 17

extends digits II-V

Front 18

biceps brachii

Back 18

supraglenoid tubercle

ulnar and radial tuberosities

Hint 18

flex shoulder
extend elbow

Front 19

triceps brachii

Back 19

long head - caudal border of scapula
lateral head - tricipital line
accessory head - neck of humerus
medial head- crest of lesser tubercle

olecranon tuber

Hint 19

extends the elbow
long head also flexes the shoulder

Front 20

tensor fasciae antebrachii

Back 20

fascia covering lateral side of latissimus dorsi

olecranon

Hint 20

extends the elbow

Front 21

coracobrachialis

Back 21

coracoid process of the scapula

crest of the lesser tubercle

Hint 21

mostly proprioception; also adducts, extends, stabilizes the shoulder

Front 22

subscapularis

Back 22

subscapular fossa

lesser tubercle of the humerus

Hint 22

adduct, extend, and stabilize shoulder; rotate arm medially

Front 23

supraspinatus

Back 23

supraspinous fossa

greater tubercle

Hint 23

extend and stabilize shoulder

Front 24

infraspinatus

Back 24

infraspinous fossa

greater tubercle

Hint 24

extends or flexes depending on position, abduct the shoulder and rotate arm laterally (FEAR)

Front 25

interossei muscles

Back 25

base of respective metacarpal bone

base of proximal phalynx

Hint 25

flexes metacarpophalangeal joint, maintains joint angle when dog bears weight on paw

Front 26

superficial digital flexor

Back 26

medial epicondyle of humerus

palmar surface of base of P2 of digits II, III, IV, V

Hint 26

flexes carpus, metacarpophalangeal joint, and proximal interphalangeal joints of digits II, III, IV, V

Front 27

deep digital flexor

Back 27

humeral head - medial epicondyle
ulnar head - caudal border of ulna
radial head- middle third of medial border of radius

palmar surface of base of P3 of each digit

Hint 27

flexes carpus, metacarpophalangeal joint, and proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits II, III, IV, V

Front 28

flexor carpi radialis

Back 28

medial epicondyle of humerus and medial border of radius

palmar side of base of metacarpals II and III

Hint 28

flexes carpus

Front 29

supinator

Back 29

lateral epicondyle

cranial surface of proximal fourth of the radius

Hint 29

supinate the paw; minor action to flex the elbow

Front 30

ulnaris lateralis

Back 30

lateral epicondyle

lateral aspect of proximal end of metacarpal V and the accessory carpal bone

Hint 30

abduct and flex the carpal joint and support the carpus when extended to support weight

Front 31

flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 31

ulnar head - olecranon
humeral head - medial epicondyle

accessory carpal bone

Hint 31

flex the carpus

Front 32

brachialis

Back 32

brachialis groove of humerus

ulnar and radial tuberosities

Hint 32

flex the elbow

Front 33

teres minor

Back 33

infraglenoid tubercle

teres minor tuberosity

Hint 33

flex shoulder, rotate arm laterally

Front 34

teres major

Back 34

caudal angle/border of scapula

teres major tuberosity

Hint 34

flex shoulder and rotate arm medially

Front 35

deep pectoral

Back 35

ventral portion of sternum

lesser tubercle of humerus

Hint 35

pull trunk cranially when limb is advanced and fixed, draw limb caudally and flex shoulder joint; adduct limb

Front 36

deltoideus

Back 36

spine and acromial process of scapula

deltoid tuberosity

Hint 36

flexes the shoulder

Front 37

latissimus dorsi

Back 37

thoracolumbar fascia

teres major tuberosity and tendon

Hint 37

draw limb caudally as in digging, flex the shoulder joint

Front 38

brachiocephalicus

Back 38

2 parts separated by clavicular intersection

Hint 38

advance limb, extend shoulder (nonweight bearing)

draw neck and head to side (weight bearing)

Front 39

cleidobracialis

Back 39

clavicular intersection

distal end of humerus

Hint 39

advance limb, extend shoulder (nonweight bearing)

draw neck and head to side (weight bearing)

Front 40

cleidocephalicus

Back 40

clavicular intersection

head

Hint 40

advance limb, extend shoulder (nonweight bearing)

draw neck and head to side (weight bearing)