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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name four functions of the lymphatic system.
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1) drains & filters excess tissue fluid, returning it to blood stream
2) protects against invasion of pathogens and foreign matter 3) transports dietary fats 4) transports waste material |
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edema
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excess body fluid
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Where does dietary fat enter the lympatic system
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picked up in the lymph vessels of the digestive system
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Name a benefit and a danger of dietary fat in the circulatory system
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fat has fat-soluble vitamins
fat can build up in fatty deposits around the heart |
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Name three types of T cells
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cytotoxic T cells
helper T cells suppressor T cells |
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What sort of substances are filtered out by the lymphatic system?
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microorganisms, cellular debris, foreign material
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Excess tissue fluid that has moved into lymph vessels
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lymph fluid
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What causes lymph fluid to flow?
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flows passively, massage increases
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Lymph vessels are (larger/smaller) than blood vessels
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smaller
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Duct where lymph fluid empties back into blood vessels
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thoracic duct
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Where are lymph vessels found?
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found all through the body alongside blood vessels
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Name 3 types of cells found in the lymphatic system.
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1) macrophages
2) B cells/ plasma cells 3) T cells |
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Where are B cells formed?
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formed in the Bone marrow
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humoral immunity
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antibody-mediated
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memory cell
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cloned B cell that responds to a subsequent attack by the same antigen (aka plasma cells)
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Name four places where lymph tissue is found.
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1) tonsils
2) lymph nodes 3) spleen 4) thymus |
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Define tonsil
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nodule of lymphoid tissue not covered by a capsule
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What is the function of tonsils?
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trap and destroy bacteria and pathogens
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Where are tonsils found?
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(body openings):
throat (palatine, lingual, pharyngeal), intestine, vagina |
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How do helper T-cells function?
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secrete chemicals to stimulate the immune response
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Lymph nodes are shaped like
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small, round bean-shaped structures
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Where are lymph nodes located and how many are there?
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hundreds throughout body at various points along the lymphatic system
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Name five sets of lymph nodes that can be palpated.
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1) mandibular
2) superficial cervical 3) superficial inguinal 4) popliteal 5) axillary |
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Name two functions of lymph nodes.
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1) filter out microorganisms and other debris
2) produce lymphocytes |
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Does the spleen filter lymph?
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No! filters blood instead of lymph
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Where is the spleen located?
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left side of abdominal cavity beneath diaphragm
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Name four functions of the spleen.
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1) lymphocyte cloning
2) filters pathogens out of the blood 3) destroys worn-out WBCs 4) stores RBCs in some species |
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The thymus gland, in addition to being a part of the immune system, is also an _________ gland.
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endocrine gland
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At what age is the thymus largest?
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largest in young animals
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What is the (immune) function of the thymus?
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place where T cells become immunocompetent
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Where is the thymus located?
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overlies the heart, deep to the sternum
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Describe nonspecific immunity
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provides a general response against a wide variety of pathogens
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Are nonspecfic defenses against disease acquired, or present before birth?
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defenses present before birth
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Give three examples of nonspecific defenses
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1)anatomical barriers- skin, mucous membranes
2) physiologic barriers- fever, inflammation 3) phagocytosis- macrophages, neutrophils |
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Is specific immunity acquired or present before birth?
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Acquired- develops after birth
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Name three aspects of specific immunity.
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1) antigen-specific
2) systemic 3) has "memory" |
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antigen
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piece of material capable of stimulating an immune response
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antibody
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protein made by B cells that binds to a specific antigen
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active immune response
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animal develops antibodies to the antigen
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Describe two types of active immune response
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1) natural- animal has the disease
2) artificial- animal is given a vaccine |
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Passive immune response
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animal is given the antibodies (not made by his own system)
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Describe two types of passive immune response
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1) natural- given by mother via placenta or colostrum
2) artificial- given antibodies made by another animal by transfusion |
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autoimmune disease
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body responds to self antigens as foreign
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cancer
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mutation causes cells to lose control over the cell cycle
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Name two ways cancer cells can move around the body.
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blood vessels, lymph vessels
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Name two benefits of massage on the lymphatic system.
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1) reduces lymphedema by improving circulation to the lymphatic system
2) increases presence and activity of natural killer (NK) cells |
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Which method is more effective at removing waste and bacteria, passive range of motion, massage, or electrical stimulation?
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massage
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