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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe Dilated Cardiomyopathy in dogs.
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Common condition in dogs.
Causes systolic dysfunction. Characterized by marked dilation of the ventricles with eccentric hypertrophy and increased end diastolic pressures. This results in congestive heart failure. Diastolic dysfunction is often present as is mitral valve insufficiency due to the distortion of the valve apparatus from the dilation of the LV. |
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What is the signalment for DCM?
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Usually middle aged, large breed dogs.
Boxers, dobermans, cocker spaniels, great danes, st. bernards, newfies, etc Males get it at a younger age than females. |
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What are the clinical signs associated with DCM?
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In asymptomatic patients you may find rhythm disturbances, murmurs, gallop sounds, or gradual onset of cough, dyspnoea, and exercise intolerance.
In acute cases the clinical signs are consistent with left and right sided congestive heart failure - Dyspnoea, pulmonary crackles, poor pulses, pallor, ascites, jugular pulses, etc. |
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How would you diagnose DCM?
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ECG: rhythm disturbances in dogs with DCM are very common
X-ray: cardiomegaly and signs of congestive failure Echo: Dilated and hypokinetic left ventricle, possible left atrial enlargement, mitral insufficiency, and decreased left ventricular wall thickness. |
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How would you treat DCM?
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Decrease preload with diuretics
Decrease afterload with vasodilators Increase systolic function with positive inotropes. Best three drugs: furosemide, ace inhibitor, pimobendan. |
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Would you treat occult DCM?
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Controversial, some evidence suggests that the initiation of treatment with ACE inhibitors prior to the onset of clinical signs may slow down the development of disease and improve long term survival.
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What is the prognosis for a dog with DCM?
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If no signs of heart failure, prognosis is good.
If signs of heart failure are present, the average survival is between 6-12 months. Dobermans, as a general rule, do very poorly and often die suddenly within the first few months of treatment. Spaniels tend to do much better on tx. |
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Describe arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in dogs.
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Most commonly seen in Boxers!!
The presenting sign is often a ventricular rhythm disturbance originating from the right heart. |
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How do you treat arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in dogs?
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Sotalol is the most commonly used anti-arrhythmic drug used.
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When would you use dobutamine?
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In an emergency situation to enhance systolic function.
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Are beta blockers useful in the treatment of DCM in the dog?
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There is no evidence to suggest that beta blockers improve the outcome in dogs with DCM.
*Beta blockers are indicated in Boxers with ARVCM!!! |
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When would you use Digoxin?
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In the treatment of atrial fibrillation
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What markers can be measured for early doagnosis of myocardial disease?
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BNP and troponin
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What drug is synergistic with Digoxin?
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Diltiazam
"D and D" |
