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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Etiology of Canine Distemper Virus
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this virus is related to measles virus
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What Species get Canine Distemper Virus
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- Canines (wild and domestic)
- Ferrets and other Mustelidae (skunk) - Racccoons and coati mundi |
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how long is the Canine Distemper Virus Shed for
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+/- 3 months in all body secretions
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Canine Distemper Virus Contagious Level
-low -moderatly - highly -extremely |
Extremely
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How stable is Canine Distemper in the enviroment and can/how is it destroyed
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- unstable outside the host
- easily destroyed by most disenfectants |
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how long does Colostral AB's interfere with vaccine protection in Canine Distemper
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up to 15 weeks in some individuals so make all 3 vacc in the series important
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What is the route of entry for canine distemper
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via the respiratory tract and it is trapped by local lymph nodes then viremia
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how long post infection of K9 distemper does the dogs immune system has identified the invading virus and launch attack against it
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2 weeks post infection
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what percentage of dogs with k9 distemper fight off the virus
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50%
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Where does the virus invade in k9 distemper
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-invades epithelial tissue all over the body (systemic infection)
-mostly ocular and respiratory systems -ocassionally the alimentary tract -lastly may invade the CNS |
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What disease has these Clinical Signs (what form)
- has initial infection and second episode with 50% cases - mucopurulent, crusty oculo-nasal discharge - Marked dyspnea - anorexia, lethargy, become thin quickly - Diarrhea or emesis may be present if gut epithelium involved - dehydration w/ weakness and convulsions |
These are typical Signs of K9 Distemper (septemic)
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What disease has these Clinical Signs and (what form)
- Encephalomyelitits may occur - hardpad - involuntary twitching of a muscle or muscle group -Ataxia, paralysis - Convulsions and seizures - involuntary chewing movements of the jaw -Headpressing |
These are typical signs of K9 Distemper (CNS)
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What Lab procedures are done with Canine Distemper
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- diagnosis made from Serum or whole blood sent to pathology lab, virus can be seen in either serum or WBC
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What should you do if a dog with suspected K9 distemper enters your clinic
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- he should not be permitted in the waiting room
- dog must be isolated!!!! - Areas of the clinic that the dog contacted should be disinfected |
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What treatments are there for k9 distemper
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- there are no specific treatmen (ab's are given to protect against 2ndary infection)
Symptomatic: combat dehydration via fluid administer, provide i.v nutrition Treatment is often unsuccessful |
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What is the prognosis for K9 Distemper
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systemic form- once the second bout of c/s occur: prognosis is poor to guarded
- CNS form: prognosis is grave |
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Is a necropsy preformed on a dog with k9 distemper
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yes, vet path lab exam, of cells containing the virus are found. confirming
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Is there a Vaccine for K9 Distemper?
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Yes! (this is core!)
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should you not vaccinate breeding bitches?
- with Distemper Vaccines |
You should vacc, to ensure that they have colostral Antibody protection to puppies
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How often do you vaccinate puppies against Distemper
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vacc puppies with recommended schedule ensuring all 3 vacc are given to the puppies
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How often should you vaccinate adults against k9 distemper
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Annually
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Can you vaccinate ferrets against K9 Distemper?
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Yes, but make sure that you use only K9 Distemper vacc not any combos
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What is the Etiology of a infectious canine hepatitis
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Virus Canine Adenovirus-1 (CAV-1)
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What strand of Canine Adenovirus is used to make a vaccine against Canine Hepatitis
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CAV-2
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What animals are infected against Canine Hepatitis
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Infects Canines (wild and domestic)
also can infect Bears worldwide |
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How is Canine Hepatitis shed into the enviroment?
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urine, feces, saliva, and nasal discharge
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How long does K9 Hepatitis live in the environment and can it be disenfective (with what)?
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It can live weeks to months in the environment
- Yes, Bleach |
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What is the route of entry with K9 Hepatitis
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Infected via oronasal contact with infective material.
- transfered from formates |
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What is the contagious level of K9 Hepatitis
-low -moderate - high - extreme |
Highly contagious because of it's resistance in the environment and transfered through secretions
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What is the path of the virus throughout the dogs body with K9 Hepatitis
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following oral or nasal entry the virus is trapped by regional lymph nodes
- It escapes the lymph nodes and produce viremia following viremia it localizes in the liver, kidney, lymph nodes, vascular endothelium, and the eyes |
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How is severe is k9 Hepatisis
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Varying Severity:
(simply found dead or the other end inappearent cases) |
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What disease do these c/s support:
- Anorexia, pyrexia, abdominal pain, emesis, hematemesis, ascites, and diarrhea, swollen tonsils, and other lymph nodes petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhage most likely noticed on gums, vulva, prepuce, conjunctiva, bleeding around teeth, convulsions, corneal edema (blue eye) |
Canine Infectious Hepatitis
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What % does corneal edema produce blue eye?
- In K9 Hepatitis |
25%
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Does Blue eye ever dissapear? in K9 Hepatitis
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Yes, it dissapears spontaneously
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There are many lab tests for K9 hepatisis with Renal damage what can they test
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Proteinuria (urine sample)
Increased Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN lavender top tube) |
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Hepatic Damage lab tests for K9 hepatitis list 2
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Bilirubinuria (urine sample)
Increased serum levels liver enzymes (red top tube) |
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List a test that can be preformed for k9 hepatitis when vascular endothelial damage occurs
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Prolonged clotting time (this is because WBC's are being used up trying to fight infection (lavender top tube for CBC and complete blood count)
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What treatments can happen for K9 hepatitis
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None specific: supportive only
blood transfusion may be needed to boost wbc # and replenish clotting factors - IV fluids to counter blood volume loss - ABs against secondary infections |
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Do you isolate K9 hepatitis?
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Yes
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What do you do if a dog comes into the clinic with K9 hepatitis
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strict hygiene (bleach or Virkon) of any clinic areas contaminated by the patient
Isolation room procedures |
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What is the prognosis for K9 hepatitis
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Guarded
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Hepatomegaly with marked edema of the gall bladder is considered pathognomonic
- widespread petechial and eechymotic hemorrhase is visable SQ and throughout the viscera - Peritoneal fluid volume is increased and blood stained What do these necropsy signs lead us to which disease |
Canine Infectious Hepatitis
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Is there a vaccine against Infectious K9 Hepatitis
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Yes vaccinate Bitches before breeding (for colostral AB's protection to neonates)
and puppy series |
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What is the etiology of K9 Infectious Resp Disease
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Several viruses
1. Cav- 1 and 2 (principally) 2. Parainfluenza virus and there are 2 main bacteria's 1. Bordetella bronchiseptica 2.Mycoplasma species |
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What environmental factors play a role in K9 infectious Resp Disease
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overcrowding and resultant stress, increase barking which irritates the trachea also poor air quality and ventilation
high humidity and closed in housing |
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How is K9 infectous Resp Disease transmitted
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Aerosol (droplets from coughing, sneezing)
Formite transmission |
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What is the Contagious Level for Resp disease in K9's
-low -moderate - Highly - extreme |
highly rapidly spread in many dogs are housed together
In dogs who are not housed together and have limited contact with others it is low |
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What is the route of entry for K9 resp diseases
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Inhaled pathogens that damage the respiratory tract mucosa
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how does the virus infect for K9 resp diseases
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inhaled pathogen (intial damage done)
- bacteria gets a foothold and cause further damage - increased mucus production, forward beating cilia, sneezing, the cough reflex are also natural defenses - WBCs will fight the virus which will limit the virus of upper resp |
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Where will the virus tend to go if WBC's do not do their job in K9 resp diseases
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- Infection may descend to the lungs
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What do these clinical signs express:
- sneezing - Nasal/occular discharge - often dry hacking persistent cough - visceous coughing cycle - Auscultation reveals harsh loud tracheal breath sounds What is this disease?? |
K9 Infectious Respiratory Disease
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Is reverse sneezing normal???
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Yes, it is an idiopathic non pathogenic occurance
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Why is Auscultation important for K9 Resp
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Important to determine if infection has spread beyond the upper tract to the lungs
- when infection is localized to the upper airways and is not systemic there is rarely pyrexia if lower tract disease occurs, pyrexia may be present along with depression etc |
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What Lab is preformed in K9 Infectious Respiratory
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Not commonly done because the characteristic cough in the absence of pyrexia permits a fairly accurate diagnosis
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When can you preform PCR assays on deep nasal swabs can detect presence of viral pathogens but does not prove causation to somewhat diagnosis
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K9 Infectious Respiratory Disease
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What drugs do we use to fight Infectious Resp K9 disease
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- ab's (to fight bacteria)
- antitussives (not always reccomended) - such as Dextromethorphan and Butorphanol (torb tablets) |
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Should you Isolate dogs with K9 Infectious Resp Disease
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Yes!
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What protocols should you follow in case a possible case is booked at your clinic
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- Isolate
- Never allow in the waiting room - Use the back door to prevent contamination of respiration area - Strict Disinfection with Virkon (especially Adenovirus as it will only be inactive from Virkon) - pathogens survival is greatly enhanced in wet condition so make sure to dry and ventilation to prevent humidity |
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What should the owner do at home to prevent K9 resp disease?
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- Ventilate area
- Keep dry with no humid conditions - clean formites - Disinfectants should be applied with sprayer - keep sick away from non-sick make sure to dinsenfect youself before taking care of healthy dogs |
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What is the Prognosis for K9 Respiratory disease
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Excellent!!!! (in almost all cases if you can eliminate possible stress and supportive care
- C/s can last weeks w/o antitussive therapy when invasion to the lungs with resultant pneumonia prognosis is fair to good with aggressive treatment |
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Is there a Vaccine Avaiable for K9 Respiratory disease
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Yes!
-routine vaccine offer protection against CAV-1 and 2 and Parainfluenza Virus - Intra nasal and Intramuscular injection offers protection against Bordetella are avaiable (reccomended) - But because of the stress, environmental factors not a 100% Vaccine Preventable disease |
