Cancer Therapy

Front 1

Methotrexate (MTX)

1)MOA
2)Use
3)Toxicity

Back 1

1) Specific to S-phase. Analog to Folic Acid that inhibits Dihydrofolate Reductase (makes THF)--> lower dTMP--> lowers DNA synthesis

2) Leukemia, Lymphoma, choriocarcinoma,sarcoma, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, RA, psoriasis

3) Meylosuppression, which is overcome by leucovorin (folinic acid)

Front 2

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)

1)MOA
2)Use
3)Toxicity

Back 2

1) S Phase specific. Acivated to 5F-dUMP which complexes Folic Acid, and inhibits Thymidylate Synthase. No thymidylate Synthase means no dTMP from Methyl-THF --> decrease DNA synthesis

2)Colon Cancer, solid tumors, basal cell (topical)
Acts in Synergy with MTX

3) Myelosuppression that is NOT reversible, and Photosensitivity

Front 3

6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)

1)MOA
2)Use
3)Toxicity

Back 3

1) Prevents de novo Purine snythesis after activation from HGPRTase

2) Leukemia, Lymphoma (not CLL or Hodgkin's)

3) Bone Marrow toxicity, GI problems, Liver. It is broken down by Xanthine Oxidase, so someone with gout taking Allopurinol can become toxic

Front 4

Cytarabine (ara-C)

1)MOA
2)Use
3)Toxicity

Back 4

1) Block DNA polymerase
2) AML
3)Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia, Megaloblastic anemia

Front 5

Cyclophosphamide, Isosfamide

1)MOA
2)Use
3)Toxicity

Back 5

1)Alkylating agent that cross links DNA strands via Guanine residues after activation in liver

2)NHL, Breast, Ovarian, Wegener's Granulomatosis (C-ANCA)

3)Myelosuppression, hemorrhagic cystitis, Bladder cancer (trt with Mesna)

Front 6

Nitrosureas (-stine ending, and streptozocin)
1)MOA
2)Uses
3)Toxicity

Back 6

1)Alkylate DNA after bioactivation. Crosses BBB

2) Brain tumors --> Glioblastoma multiforme

3)CNS toxicity -->dizzy, ataxia

Front 7

Cisplatin, Carboplatin

1)MOA
2)Use
3)Toxicity

Back 7

1)Alkylating agents -->cross link DNA

2) Testicular, Bladd, Ovarian, Lung Cancer

3) Nephrotoxic, Acoustic Nerve Damage

Front 8

Busulfan
1)MOA
2)Use
3)Toxicity

Back 8

1) Alkyates DNA
2)CML
3)Pulmonary Fibrosis, Hyperpigmentation

Front 9

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin), Daunorubicin

1)MOA
2)Uses
3)Toxicity

Back 9

1)Generates free radicals to intercalate into DNA causing breaks in the chains

2)part of ABVD for Hodgkin's Lymphoma (Adriamycin, Bleomycin), Sarcomas, Solid Tumors

3) Cardiotoxic, alopecia, toxic extravasation (fluids leak out of vessels into tissue)

Front 10

Dactinomycin (Actinomycin D)
1)MOA
2)Uses
3)Toxicity

Back 10

1) Intercalates DNA to block replication

2)Wilm's tumor, Ewing Sarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma (children's tumors use Actinomycin D)

3) Myelosuppression

Front 11

Bleomycin
1)MOA
2)Uses
3)Toxicity

Back 11

1) Induces Free Radicals to break DNA

2) testicular cancer, lymphoma (Hodgkins),

3)Pulmonary Fibrosis, Skin Changes

Front 12

Etoposide (VP-16)

1)MOA
2)Uses
3)Toxicity

Back 12

1) g2 phase agent that inhibits Topoisomerase II --> increase DNA degradation

2)Small Cell Lung Cancer, Prostate, Testicular

3) GI irritation, alopecia, Myelosuppression

Front 13

Prednisone

1)MOA
2)Uses
3)Toxicity

Back 13

1) Apoptotic??
2) Used in Hodgkin's Lymphoma, CLL, and autoimmune diseases

3) Cushingoid, cataracts, acne, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia

Front 14

Tamoxifen, Raloxifene

1)MOA
2)Uses
3)Toxicity

Back 14

1) Estrogen receptor mixed Agonist/Antagonist (SERMS) that prevent estrogen binding to its receptors

2)Breast Cancer, Osteoporosis

3) Tamoxifen can increase risk of endometrial cancer

Front 15

Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
1)MOA
2)Uses
3)Toxicity

Back 15

1) Monoclonal Ab to HER-2 (erb-2) receptor to kill cells overexpressing this receptor

2) Metastatic Breast Cancer

3)Cardiotoxic

Front 16

Imitinib (Gleevac)

1)MOA
2)Uses
3)Toxicity

Back 16

1)Myoclonal Ab to bcr-abl Tyrosine Kinase

2) CML, GI stromal tumors

3) Fluid Retention

Front 17

Vincristine, Vinblastine

1)MOA
2)Uses
3)Toxicity

Back 17

1)M-phase alkaloids that bind tubulin to prevent mitotic spindle formation

2) Treatment of Lymphoma (MOPP), Wilm's tumor, Choriocarcinoma

3) Vincristine - neurotoxic, ileus
VinBLASTine- BLASTS the marrow

Front 18

Paclitaxel
1)MOA
2)Uses
3)Toxicity

Back 18

1) M-phase specific agent that binds tubulin which locks cells in Metaphase (can't break mitotic spindle)

2) Ovarian and Breast Cancer

3) Myelosuppression, Hypersensitvity